Nutritional Diets

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Nutritional Diets
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Food Allergy - Terminology

• Food intolerance or adverse food reactions
  account for 1 to 6 of all dermatoses in general
  practice. No immunological reaction
• Food allergy constitutes 10 to 49 of allergic
  responses in dogs and cats

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Food Allergy Clinical Signs

• Canines
• Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal) feet, axillae,
  inguinal
• Alopecia
• hyperpigmentation
• Chronic otitis externa
• Peri-ocular dermatitis, Pododermatitis, anal
  sacculitis
• Few have vomiting and diarrhea

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Food Allergy
Lichenification Dff All chronic and pruritic
skin diseases
Hyperpigmentation
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Otitis externa
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Food Allergy
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Food Allergy Clinical Signs

• Felines
• Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal) head and neck
• Alopecia
• Miliary dermatitis
• Ulcerative dermatitis
• Many have vomiting and diarrhea

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Food Allergy
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Food Allergy
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Food Allergy
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Food Allergy - Allergen

• Protein 18-36,000 Dalton's average molecular
  weight
• Canine Beef, dairy products, soy, chicken
• Feline Beef, dairy products, soy, fish

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Food Allergy - Diets

• Protein Novel or hydrolyzed
• fish, rabbit, lamb, venison
• Carbohydrate Single easily digestible
• rice, potatoes, barley, oats
• Fats
• Omega 3 and 6
• Vitamins
• A and E
• Minerals
• Zn

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Food Allergy - Diagnosis

• FOOD ELIMINATION TRIAL
• The patient is fed a hypoallergenic diet for
  60-90 days.
• This allows the body to become desensitized to
  the offending allergens.
• When the previous diet is fed back to the pet, an
  acute hypersensitivity reaction may occur.
• This helps to identify that a food was the source
  of the allergic signs

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Food Allergy Novel Proteins

• Novel proteins
• Hills d/d

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Food Allergy Novel Proteins
Fish and Potato
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Food Allergy Hydrolyzed Proteins

• Z/D Less than 18,000 dalton
• Ultra z/d less than 3,000 dalton

Hydrolyzed chicken
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Food allergy Challenging
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Diabetes Mellitus

• Definition Disorder of carbohydrate, fat and
  protein metabolism caused by an absolute or
  relative insulin deficiency
• Type I very low or absent insulin secretory
  ability
• Type II inadequate or delayed insulin secretion
  relative to the needs of the patient
• More common in cats

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Diabetes Mellitus

• Signalment older patients, obese, top 3 disease
  in older cats
• Clinical signs polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
  weight loss, cataracts dogs, Plantigrade stance
  (neuropathy) - cats

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Diabetes Mellitus
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Diabetes Mellitus

• Treatment options
• Insulin
• Oral hypoglycemic drugs
• Dietary management
• Frequent meals

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Diabetes Mellitus

• Dietary GOALS
• Stabilize blood glucose levels
• Minimize hyperglycemia
• Prevent hypoglycemia
• Prevent or delay long term effects of the disease
• Achieve and maintain an ideal body condition

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Diabetes Mellitus - Dogs

• Carbohydrate
• Complex
• Fiber High
• Slows digestion, reduces the post-prandial
  glucose spike, promotes weight loss, reduces risk
  of pancreatitis
• Vitamin E
• Hills R/D or W/D

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Diabetes Mellitus - Cats

• Protein high
• Carbohydrate Low
• Cats use protein as their primary source of
  energy blood glucose is maintained primarily
  through liver metabolism of fats and proteins
• Purina DM, Hills M/D
• Often a diet change in cats can dramatically
  reduce or eliminate the need for insulin

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70 of cats and 80 of dogs have periodontal
disease. It is the most common health problem in
pets. A difference in the oral pH causes plaque
and tartar to build up 5 times quicker than in
humans
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Calculus is mineralized plaque and can only be
removed by mechanical action.
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The shape and density of the dental diets
promotes chewing action that creates the abrasion
of the bacteria and helps to slow plaque and
calculus buildup.
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Unique kibble scrubs away laden plaque in the
mouth to promote systemic health Clinically
proven to reduce plaque, stain and tartar
buildup Reduces bad breath Added antioxidants to
control cell oxidation and promote a healthy
immune system Awarded the Veterinary Oral Health
Council (VOHC) Seal of Acceptance for helping
reduce both plaque and tartar accumulation
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Optimal kibble size Patented kibble texture Added
antioxidants A and E Natural source of
glucosamine Moderate calories Exceptional
palatability Perfect solution for everyday
feeding of adult and senior dogs Canine Dental
Chewz are a perfect complement when using the DH
Formula.  
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Urinary tract health Feline Lower Urinary Tract
Disease (FLUTD) is frequently seen in cats. This
is a serious problem, especially in males.
Unfortunately many cat owners do not realize
their pet has FLUTD until the signs are severe.
The term FLUTD is commonly used to descibe a
group of diseases of the feline ureters, urinary
bladder and/or urethra. They are often grouped
together because they share similar clinical
signs including Hematuria bloody urine Dysuria
difficult urination Stranguria slow or painful
urination Pollakiuria abnormally frequent
urination Inappropriate urination
(periuria) Partial or complete urethral
blockage The most common types of FLUTD are
Idiopathic cystitis Urethral obstruction Urolithi
asis fomation of calculi (stones) in the
bladder  
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Idiopathic cystitis The most common diagnosis in
cats with FLUTD. It is a painful, chronic,
noninfectious inflammatory bladder condition that
can not be attributed to a specific underlying
cause. It typically affects cats 2 7 years of
age. Dysuria and hematuria are the most common
signs and clinical signs resolve in 4 7 days
regardless of treatment. Signs may reoccur
unpredictably. Stress appears to worsen clinical
signs.
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Urolithiasis Urinary stones can for in the
urinary tract and cause signs of FLUTD. These
stones consist of minerals plus a protein matrix.
The most common types seen are struvite
(magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium
oxilate. The bladder is the most common location
although they may be present anywhere in the
urinary tract. Struvites stones are normally
round to oval and have smooth edges. Females are
more likely to develop struvite stones formed in
basic urine pH. Calcium oxilate can also be
found in the kidneys are hard with sharp, jagged
edges formed in acidic urine pH. Males are more
likely to develop calcium oxilate.   Urethral
obstruction Urethral plugs are the most common
cause of urethral obstruction in males. Uroliths
and plugs are not the same. Urethral plugs are
unorganized masses of mucus like protein
containing varying amounts of minerals and cell
debris.
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References

• Miss Huffs personal notes
• http//www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?PAA
  652
• http//www.ansc.purdue.edu/swineclass/PDF/Companio
  n20Animal20Nutrition_1.pdf
• Won-Seok Oh, DVM, PhD, Nutrition and Canine Skin
  Barrier, World Small Animal Veterinary
  Association World Congress Proceedings, 2011
• Case, L. et.al. 2000. 2nd edition. Canine and
  Feline Nutrition
• Dr. Ralf S. Mueller, Dermatology for the Small
  Animal Practitioner