Solutions!

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Solutions!
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Classification of Matter
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Heterogeneous Mixtures

• See visibly different regions
• Granite
• Dirt
• Cereals
• Oil Vinegar
• See a boundary
• Ice cube in water

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Homogeneous Mixtures

• Particles very small on atomic scale
• Cant see particles
• Cant sort particles
• Cant get trapped by filter
• Cant scatter light
• Particles evenly distributed
• Particles do not separate

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Solution

• Homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a
  single physical state (phase)

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Parts of a Solution

• Solute substance being
• dissolved
• Solvent dispersing medium
• that substance is being
  
• dissolved in

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Identify the solute and solvent in each picture
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Hints to identify solute solvent

• Solute
• substance that changes phase
• substance that have less of
• Solvent
• substance that maintains phase
• substance that have more of

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Aqueous Solutions

• Water is solvent
• Transition metals form brightly colored solutions

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Solutions occur in all 3 phases!
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Gas in a liquidCO2 in and out of water
Bubbles mean its a mixture not a solution!
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Concentration of Solutions
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Concentration

• measurement that describes
• how much solute in given amount of
• solvent or solution
• express concentration using many, many different
  units
• pick the unit according to task at hand

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Percent

• By mass
• By Volume
• Part x 100
• Whole

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Twists

• sometimes ask for part or whole, not percent
• sometimes give volume/mass of solution
• sometimes give volume/mass of solvent and
  volume/mass of solute
• Mass solution Mass solute Mass solvent

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ppm (parts per million)

• used when solute is present in very small amounts
• (Regents board doesnt follow this rule)

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ppm (parts per million)

• ppm grams solute x 1,000,000
• ppm is ratio between mass solute mass soln
• like except you multiply by 1,000,000 instead
  of 100

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About 0.0043 g of O2 can be dissolved in 100 mL
of water at 20oC. Express in ppm.

• Memorize 1 mL water has mass of 1 g
• ppm 0.0043g x 1,000,000
• 100.0043
• 43 ppm

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CO2 gas has solubility of 0.0972 g/100 g water
at 40oC. Express in parts per million.

• ppm 0.0972 g solute x 1,000,000
• 100.0972 g solution
• 971 ppm

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What is the concentration in ppm of a solution
with 30.0 g NaNO3 in 70.0 g water?

• ppm 30.0 g NaNO3 x 1,000,000
• 100.0 g solution
• 300,000 3.0 X 105 ppm

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How many grams of KOH are needed to be dissolved
in water to make 2000.0 grams of a 10.0 ppm
solution?

• 10 ppm ? grams KOH X 1,000,000
• 2000.0 g solution
• ? 0.02 grams KOH