Causes and Effects of World War I

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Causes and Effects of World War I

• Adapted from Tan Jon Lin (with her permission)

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Causes of World War I - MAIN
ilitarism policy of building up strong military
forces to prepare for war (will and means)
M A I N
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and
protect one another
mperialism when one country takes over another
country economically and politically
ationalism pride in or devotion to ones
country
Assassination murder of Austrian Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
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Causes of World War I
Balkan Powder Keg Caution Explosive
Blank Check Given to Austria by Germany
Militarism Arms race
Alliance System
Imperialism
Immediate Cause The Assassination At
Sarajevo Set off the Powder Keg and Started WWI
Nationalism
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Causes of WWI - Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus. in millions of
s (British pounds).
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10
Britain 13
Russia 39
Germany 73
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Causes of WWI - Alliances
Triple Alliance 1882
Triple Entente 1907 (Morocco Crisis)
Germany
Great Britain
Austria-Hungary
France
Italy
Russia
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Causes of WWI - Nationalism
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Causes of World War I Nationalism

• Aggressive Nationalism
• France and Germany
• Germany proud of military and Industrial
  strength.
• French loss in Franco Prussia War/revenge
• Recovery of lost provinces Alsace and Lorraine

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• Balkans 1914
• Southeastern Europe
• East of Italy
• Dominated by the Austrian Hungarian Empire
• Slavic Nations
• Russia felt the need to protect the other Slavic
  nations because of its size.
• Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the
  Slavic people. Trouble in Serbia with Austrian
  Hungarian Empire.

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• Balkans 1914
• The geographical position makes t very valuable
  as a trade route
• Controlled by Turkey for hundreds of years, but
  Turkeys power was declining she was known as
  The Sick Man of Europe
• By the 1900s, Serbia and Austria on each side
  were eager to control a key part of the Balkans
  Bosnia
• Austria claimed the right to rule cos of a deal
  she had with Turkey, ie Turkey used Imperialism
  (the right of empires to rule weaker areas) to
  justify her case.
• Serbia claimed the right to rule because the
  people living in that area are fellow Slavs.
  Serbia used Nationalism (the right of people to
  rule themselves) to justify her case.

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Imperialism

• 1905 and 1911 Moroccan Crisis
• France and Germany almost to the brink of war
• Morocco France vs. Germany
• Britain sides with France/resents Germany
  industrial strength.
• Britain and France develop closer ties.
• European nations taking over parts of the Ottoman
  Empire.

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Causes of WWI - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at
Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
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The Legacy of War

• 8.5 Million Killed
• 21 million wounded
• War Costs 338 billion, destroys towns, and land
  in Europe and Russia
• disillusionment

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Collapse of the Empires

• Breakup of Austrian Hungarian Empire
• Austria and Hungary become independent nations
• Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia were formed
• Italy and Romania gained land

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Ottoman Empire Dissolved

• Turkey becomes independent
• Most of the Arab nations were put under the
  control of Britain and France
• Mandates
• Russian and German Losses
• Other nations Formed Poland, Finland, Estonia,
  Latvia, Lithuania

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The Treaty of Versailles Major Provisions

• League of Nations
• Territorial Losses/Germany returns Alsace
  Lorraine French Border extended to the Rhine
  Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies
  in Africa and the Pacific
• Military restrictions/limits size of German Army
  cannot build or import weapons, submarines,
  airplanes

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The Treaty of Versailles War Guilt

• Sole responsibility for the war placed on
  Germanys shoulders
• Germany forced to pay the Allies 33 Billion in
  reparations over 30 years.
• Laid the ground work for WWII.

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Bibliography

• http//www.mrberlin.com/8th/WWI/World_War_I_causes
  .ppt269.