1. Reasons for logging on as a root

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1. Reasons for logging on as a root

• Most people are familiar with Windows systems
  with regard to administrative privileges. Many
  user running windows are used to having full
  access all the time.
• With UNIX or Linux and any other network
  environment, administrative privileges are
  accessed and used only as needed.
• Our lab policy will not allow root logins but
  requiring the use of the su - command to get
  access to the root account whenever
  administrative privileges are required. (once we
  learn that next week)

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2. GUIs available for Linux

• GNOME
• KDE
• XFCE
• Enlightenment Window MakerDR16 for the window
  manager or DR17 for the desktop
• Fluxbox

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• Unoffical packages are availble for several
  platforms including Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora,
  ArchLinux, and Gentoo.

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3. The structure of the X Window system

• The structure of the X Window system is different
  from the normal client-server relationship and
  from what most users see in Windows.
• hardware at the bottom of the stack
• the server above that
• the window manager above the server providing
  basic widgets and window management features such
  as close and minimize.

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Gnome, Kde etc.
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• X is primarily a protocol and graphics primitives
  definition and it deliberately contains no
  specification for application user interface
  design, such as button, menu, or window title bar
  styles.
• Instead, application software such as window
  managers, GUI widget toolkits and desktop
  environments, or application-specific graphical
  user interfaces - define and provide such
  details.
• As a result, there is no typical X interface and
  several desktop environments have been popular
  among users.

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• A window manager controls the placement and
  appearance of application windows.
• Many users use X with a full desktop environment,
  which includes a window manager, various
  applications and a consistent interface.
• As X is responsible for keyboard and mouse
  interaction with graphical desktops

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4. Elements of the GNOME desktop

• Although KDE has achieved considerable popularity
  for its collection of utilities, GNOME is
  considered the predominant desktop for Linux
  because of the quality of its design and its
  clean interface. UNIX systems such as Solaris
  have begun to adopt GNOME.

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The Menu Panel

• This panel stretches across the top of the
  screen. The left side contains three menus and a
  number of default icons that start software
  applications, and on the right it provides a
  clock, fast user switching, a volume control, and
  a notification area.
• Applications Menu
• Places Menu
• System Menu

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Applications Menu

• This menu contains a categorized list of
  installed applications, which are updated as
  necessary when software is installed or removed.
• If you hold the mouse over a software entry, a
  brief description of its function appears.
• If you click one of these entries, that
  application starts.

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Places Menu

• This menu is divided into four subsections.
• The first subsection allows quick access to
  commonly accessed folders, and makes it easy to
  keep your file system organized.
• The second subsection allows quick access to the
  CD/DVD creator tool, and to the Computer window,
  which allows you to browse all data storage
  attached to the computer. This subsection also
  grows to include links to any removable media you
  attach to the computer. For example, if you
  insert a CD or a USB stick, it will appear in
  this menu.
• The third section provides links to tools that
  help you browse and manage network locations.
• The fourth section lists recently accessed
  documents, and provides access to a search
  function that helps you quickly access any file
  on the system.

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System Menu

• This menu is divided into three subsections. The
  first provides access to configuration tools.
• The Preferences menu contains tools that affect
  only your account, and only require normal user
  access.
• The Administration menu contains tools that
  affect the whole system and require root access.
  These tools prompt for the root password when
  launched.
• The second section provides access to the Help
  documentation, along with information about the
  Fedora project, and the different teams that make
  it up, and about the GNOME project.
• The third section contains entries to pause or
  end the current session. Lock Screen starts the
  screen saver or blanks the screen depending on
  the session configuration. Enter your password to
  restore your session to the screen.

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Application Launchers

• The series of icons next to the menus provide
  quick access to commonly used applications. These
  icons are called launchers.
• Mozilla Firefox web browser.
• Evolution mail client and personal information
  manager.
• OpenOffice.org Writer is a word processing
  program.
• OpenOffice.org Impress is for creating and giving
  presentations.
• OpenOffice.org Calc is a spreadsheet tool.