Ecology

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Ecology the Biosphere

• Chapter 52

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Ecology

• Study of how organisms relate to one another
  their environment

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Fig. 52-5
Kangaroos/km2
00.1
0.11
15
510
1020
gt 20
Limits of distribution
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Fig. 52-9
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Ecology

• Organism (behavioral ecology)
• Population (several individuals of same species)
• Community (different species that live in a
  particular area)
• Ecosystem (abiotic factors all the species that
  live in that area)
• Biosphere (all the living communities on
  earth-global ecosystem)

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Environment

• Abiotic factors (nonliving)
• Temperature
• Water
• Sunlight
• Soil /rocks
• Climate

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Environment

• Climate
• Bodies of water
• Variation of sunlight
• Seasons
• Precipitation
• Wind
• Mountains
• Long term climate change

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Biomes

• Major terrestrial or aquatic life zones
• Defined by regional variation of climate

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Aquatic Biomes

• Largest part of the biosphere
• Photic zone (sunlight)
• Aphotic zone (little light)
• Benthic zone (bottom)
• Detritus (decaying matter)
• Turnover (circulates oxygen)

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Aquatic Biomes

• Lakes
• Wetlands
• Streams and rivers
• Estuaries
• Intertidal zones
• Oceanic pelagic zone
• Coral reefs
• Marine benthic zone

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Lakes
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Wetlands

• /- water

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Streams and rivers
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Estuaries

• Transition between river and sea

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Intertidal zones

• Tides 2x a day

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Oceanic pelagic zone

• Open bodies of ocean

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Coral reefs
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Marine benthic zone

• Bottom of ocean
• Minimal sun

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Terrestrial Biomes

• Tropical rain forest
• Savanna
• Desert
• Chaparral
• Temperate grasslands
• Temperate deciduous forest
• Temperate evergreen forest
• Tundra

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Tropical rain forests

• Large amounts of rain per year
• Richest ecosystem
• Contains ½ of the worlds species
• SA,Africa, southeast Asia

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Savanna

• Open, few trees
• Seasonal rains (75-125 cm/yr)
• Africa
• Lions, elephants

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Desert

• Interior of continents
• Dry, less than 25 cm/yr rainfall

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Chaparral

• Coastal regions
• Wet winters

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Temperate grasslands

• Prairies, grasslands
• Herds of grazing mammals
• Not as abundant

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Temperate Deciduous forest

• Deciduous hardwoods
• Warm summers, cool winters
• NE US, Canada,

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Temperate evergreen forest

• Cold winters
• Long dry seasons
• Western US

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Tundra

• Grassland few trees
• Little rain/snow
• Deer, elk, moose
• Permafrost