Relative Pronouns

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Relative Pronouns

• Spanish Three Honors
• C.12

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Definition

• A Pronoun is a word that that the place of a
  noun. A Relative pronoun is an word or expression
  used to introduce a clause that RELATES to or
  modifies a noun used in a previous clause.
• ieYo necesito el papel QUE tengo en mi cuaderno.
• Helpful Tip
• Many times in English the relative pronoun is
  left out. In Spanish it MUST BE included.

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QUE (that, who)(most common)

• Que is used _at_85 of the time. When in doubt, use
  que.
• Used in a clause to modify a person NOT set off
  by a comma and/or is NOT introduced by one of the
  following prepositions (con, de, en, a).
• iePaco is the boy that works at Del Taco.
• Used in a clause to describe a PLACE or a THING.
• after prepositions con, de, en, a (CONDENA) in a
  clause to describe a place or a thing use QUE

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QUIEN, QUIENES (who, whom)
Helpful Hint quien or quienes without accents

• Used in a clause to modify a person set off by a
  comma.
• iePaco, who works at Del Taco, is tall.
• after prepositions con, de, en, a (CONDENA) in a
  clause to describe a person use QUIEN
• Used in a clause to modify the second of two
  antecedents.
• ieEl padre de Paco, quien vive en Perú, es alto.

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EL QUE, LA QUE, LOS QUE, LAS QUE (long form)

• Used in a clause for clarification or emphasis
• ieMy friend, the one who lives in Cuba, is going
  to Disneyland.
• Used in a clause that is introduced by a
  prepositions other than con, de, en, or a.
• The forms using POR or SIN typically uses the
  cual versions to avoid confusion.
• ieLa biblioteca detrás de la cual hay un museo.
• The library behind which there is a museum.

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EL QUE, LA QUE, LOS QUE, LAS QUE (long form)

• Used in a clause to modify the first of two
  antecedents.
• ieEl padre de Paco, el que vive en Perú,
• es alto.
• QUE and CUAL forms are used interchangably EXCEPT
  at the start of a sentence, then the QUE must be
  used.
• ie El que imita buenos modelos será
• bueno.

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LO, LO QUE, LO CUAL (neuters)

• LO is used together with a m/s adjective to refer
  to an abstract concept.
• ie Lo importante es que entiendes los conceptos.
• LO can be used to refer to a previously stated
  concept.
• ie Los libros son horribles. Lo son.

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LO, LO QUE, LO CUAL (neuters)

• The neuters are used to refer to an action or
  abstract idea, not a person or thing.
• ie No entiendo lo que quiere decir.
• I dont understand what you mean.
• QUE and CUAL forms are used interchangably EXCEPT
  at the start of a sentence, then the QUE must be
  used.
• ie Lo que no te mata, te hace más fuerte.

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CUYO, CUYA, CUYOS, CUYAS Relative Adjectives
(whose modifying a secondary noun)

• Typically translated as WHOSE in English and is
  used like a restrictive adjective modifying a
  secondary noun. (It does not agree with the
  possessor, but rather the person or thing
  following it).
• ie Paco, cuya novia vive en San Juan,
• es alto.

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Guided Practice
quien

1. El hombre, _______ es mi hermano, se llama Paco.
2. La casa ______ está cerca de la esquina es muy
   linda.
3. Los chicos a ______ conocimos anoche son cubanos.
4. No vamos a México este año, _______ me molesta
   mucho.
5. Siempre paga _________ debes.

que
quienes
lo que
lo que