Relative Pronouns

1
Welcome!

• Relative Pronouns
• Milly Grillone
• FAO International Consultant

2
Simple Rules

• Mr Ryan, who is the director of the library, will
  travel to Italy
• The Family Bookshop, which contains a collection
  on history of art, is located in Aburumani
• PS
• ,who is the director of the library, is
  droppable and the meaning does not change
• Wrong use of commas
• Mr Ryan, who is the director of the library will
  travel to Italy
• Mr Ryan who is the director of the library, will
  travel to Italy

WHICH for Things
WHO for People
3
Who and whom

• The man whom I marry will be a globetrotter
• I will waste my life with somebody whom I dont
  love and who will make my life miserable
• These are the people with whom I work
• This is the ambassador whom you saw last month
• WHO Object in informal style
• WHOM Object in formal style

4
Connection between clauses

• My mum will come to Syria, which is a beautiful
  country
• I found the keys which you were looking for
• (notwhich you were looking for them)
• This is the ambassador whom you saw last month
• This is the kind of job which might interest you

5
Which referring to a whole clause
He got married again a year later, which
surprised everybody (the fact that he married
again surprised everybody)

6
Word Order

• My neighbors, who do not like music,
• complain all the time
• (not.. My neighbors complain all the time, who do
  not like music)
• The relative pronoun should immediately follow
  the noun it refers to.
• Mr Stephenson visited Italy last year for
  Christmas which is a beautiful country.

7
Whose

• I got to know a guy whose car is slower than a
  turtle
• (the car of whom)
• I saw a star whose beauty took my breath away
• (the beauty of which)

8
Identifying versus Non-Identifying Clauses

• I married a man whom I met on a bus (I)
• You married a very nice young engineer from
  Barcelona, whom you met on a bus (NI)

9
THAT

• It can refer to things, and in an informal style
  to people. In non-identifying clauses that is
  unusual (better to use which/who)
• It is common in identifying clauses
• I am reading the proceedings, which are really
  interesting (if you write I am reading the
  proceedings that are really interesting you
  imply that there are other proceedings, less
  interesting than those ones)
• This is Widad, who organizes the Agricultural
  Policy Forum (not that organizes)
• It is used
• 1.As a conjunction
• The only thing that upsets me is lying
• 2.As a relative pronoun
• She married a man that she met on a bus
• It cannot be substituted by what