Government and Civics

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Government and Civics

• Describe the ways in which governments distribute
  power and explain how governments determine
  citizen participation

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1. Federal

• Power is shared by one central and several
  regional authorities
• EX The USA
• The federal government (Obama, Congress, Supreme
  Court) is the central authority
• Each state is a regional authority

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Federation / Federal
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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2. Unitary

• Power is held by one central authority
• EX- North Korea is a dictatorship
• All power is held by one person (central
  authority)
• 0 citizen participation

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Unitary
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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3. Confederation

• Less binding than a federation
• Loosely group of states (countries) that share a
  common interest
• Only a few powers are given to the central
  authority
• EX- OPEC Several countries in Middle East who
  share one common interest oil

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Confederation
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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Ways Government Distributes Power
All key powers are held by the central government
State/regional authorities hold most of the power
Unitary

• Federal

• Confederation

Strong central government
Weaker central government
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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
High Participation
High Participation
General Citizens Participation
Select Citizens Participation
Citizen Participation
Government Power
Government Power
Citizen Participation
Government Power
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
Oligarchic
Autocratic

• Democracy

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4. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

• Each form falls under one of the three government
  systems
• Federal
• Unitary
• Confederation

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5. Autocratic

• One person possesses unlimited power
• Citizens have no participation rights
• Oldest form of power (kings, pharaoh's, etc)
• Inherit power through birth or take power by
  brutal military force

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6. Autocracy- Totalitarianism

• One leader holds power
• EX
• Adolf Hitler
• Forcibly took power
• Tried to control all aspects of citizens lives

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7. Autocracy- Absolute Monarchy

• King, queen, or emperor
• Power inherited (passed down through family)
• EX King of Saudi Arabia

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8. Oligarchy

• Rule by the few (very corrupt)
• Opposition is violently suppressed
• Very little (or no) citizen participation
• EX Communist China
• Power comes from either
• Military strength
• Wealth
• Religion

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9.Democratic

• Officials are elected into office
• There are 2 forms of democracy
• Parliamentary democracy
• Presidential democracy

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10. Parliamentary

• Executive power lies with members of a
  legislature (who elect the executive leader)
• Prime Minister
• Executive and legislative branches are
  intertwined (the same)
• EX Israel, Canada, Australia, U.K.

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11. Presidential

• Executive and legislative branches are separated
  and generally not accountable to one another
• EX President Obama is the executive, Congress is
  the legislature

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12. Republic

• Elected representatives vote on legislation, not
  the people
• EX Kenya and South Africa

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13. Constitutional Monarchy

• A monarch (king, queen, emperor) must follow and
  make decisions based on a constitution (set of
  laws) that have been approved by the people
• EX Japan, Canada

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14. Theocracy

• A government that submits to religious authority
• A religious figure (bishop, ayatollah, etc. is in
  charge and makes decisions based on religious
  beliefs)
• EX Iran

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15. Communist

• One party holds power
• Government makes nearly all decisions regarding
  economy
• No private ownership
• Class-less society
• EX China

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16. Dictatorship

• A ruler or small group holds absolute power
• EX Sudan and Cuba

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Social Studies terms

• Sovereignty
• Population
• Government
• Civics
• Territory
• State
• Constitution

• Culture group
• Ethnic group
• Prehistory
• Environment