System Connectivity

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System Connectivity

• Merle P. Martin
• MIS Department
• CSU Sacramento

2
Acknowledgements

• Dr. Russell Ching (MIS Dept) Source
  Materiel / Graphics
• Edie Schmidt (UMS) - Graphic Design
• Prentice Hall Publishing (Permissions)
• Martin, Analysis and Design of Business
  Information Systems, 1995

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Agenda

• Basic Concepts
• Delivery Systems
• Open Systems
• Distributed Systems
• Overall Architecture

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Basic Concepts

• Definitions
• Media
• Topologies
• Networks
• Lines

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Definitions

• Channel link by which
  data / voice linked
• Speed bits per
  second (bps)
• baud rate
• mbps - megabytes per
  second

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Definitions (cont.)

• Bandwith range of frequencies
• difference between lowest
  / highest
• frequency accommodated
• on a single channel
• at the same time
• Broadband more than one signal track over a
  comm. media at the same time

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Analog Signal
Voltage
Amplitude
Time
Frequency
Digital Signal
1
Voltage
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
Time
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Data Communications
Analog Signal
Digital Signal
Digital Signal
Modem
Modem
Phone Lines
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Synchronous Transmission
Parity
Trailer
Header
Data
bit
Message Packet
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Transmission Types

• Coaxial cable
• Fiber optics
• Wireless
• Microwave
• Satellite
• Cellular

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Microwave Transmission
Repeater
Line of Sight
Line of Sight
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Satellite Transmission
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Cellular Communication






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Topologies

• Ring
• Bus
• Star
• Hierarchical

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Network Topologies
Ring
17
Network Topologies
Bus
18
Network Topologies
Star
19
Network Topologies
Hierarchical
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Issue

• Should a firm
• stay at the forefront of telecomm
  technology
• lest it fall seriously behind
• OR
• let other firms go first
• and learn from their mistakes?

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Delivery Systems

• Network types
• T1 lines
• Network systems

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Network Types

• Local Area
  Network (LAN)
• Metropolitan Area
  Network (MAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Internet

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Local Area Network (LAN)
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Wide Area Networks (WAN)
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Internet

• Outgrowth of ARPANET
• Connect researchers working in the defense
  industry

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T1 Lines

• group of 24 voice grade
  lines
• analog messages
• 1.544 mbps
• T2 through T4 lines

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T-Carrier Bandwiths

• T1 - 1.544 mbps
• 24 voice circuits (vc)
• T2 - 6.312 mbps 96 vc
• T3 - 44.736 mbps 672 vc
• T4 - 139.264 mbps 4032 vc
• T5 - ????

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Open Systems

• Standardized interfaces that
• allow products to interoperate
• across multivendor systems

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Open System Interconnection (OSI)

• International standard
• Seven layers
• Standards for each layer

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Surround Development Tactic

UNIX
A
C
B
UNIX
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Distributed Systems

• Enterprise-wide network
• of systems that use products
• from multiple vendors

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Should You Distribute?

• Wetherbes three questions
• Are operations interdependent?
• does one operation need to
  know what another operation is
  doing?
• Walmart?

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Should You Distribute?

• Are businesses really homogeneous?
• Fast Food franchises have
  same processes
• Need to know what others are doing?
• Are Depart Store franchises same?
• Does corporate culture support decentralization?
• Aerospace Industry

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Creating Overall Architecture

• Factors to consider
• Firms policy on decentralization
• Current computing environment
• Policy on standards
• more tendency to standards
• cleaner overall architecture

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Overall Architecture

• Factors (cont.)
• How will it serve the business?
• follow business and IT
  plans
• Law of the Hammer
• Desired level of computing

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Level of Computing

• Corporate
• Region, country, division
• Site
• Department
• Work group
• Individual

WAN
MAN
LAN
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Packard Bell

• Distributed
• interdependence
• homogeneity
• culture
• FDDI Ring Topology linking mainframes, servers
  and PCs
• PCs have standard software package (e.g.,
  Office)
• Distributed database

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Mainframe
Application Server
Remote Access Server
Client
12 Modems
Printers
Dial- up Client
Campus FDDI Rings
MailServer
Cisco Routers
Fax Server
Backup Server
SQL Server

Wide Area Link
12 Modems
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USCS Network
OC-3 Sonet Ring 155mb Bandwidth
CableData UK
128KFrame Relay

• IBS, Rancho Cordova

CableData Atlanta
USCS, Rancho Cordova
256K Frame Relay
CableData Arkansas
Virtual Private Network via Internet
CableData, El Dorado Hills
IBS, El Dorado Hills
CableData Michigan
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USCS Enterprise Application Architecture
ALEXIS Customer Mgmt (Internal App)
Corporate Data Warehouse (DSS)
Oracle Financials Release 10.7
Peoplesoft HRMS Release 6
Oracle 7 RDBMS
Oracle 7 RDBMS
Oracle 7 RDBMS
Oracle 7 RDBMS
IBM RS/6000
IBM RS/6000
IBM RS/6000
IBM RS/6000
10mb Ethernet Network for Servers
Typical PC Client running Windows 95
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Discussion

• What are some of the problems with
  connecting islands of technology?
• How does one go about doing that?
• Where is connectivity going in
  business and the public sector

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Discussion

• Scott Langdoc,
• Vice President and
  Chief Information Officer
• Raleys Food Stores

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Points to Remember

• Basic Concepts
• Definitions
• Delivery Systems
• Open Systems
• Distributed Systems
• Creating the architecture