21.8 Vitamins and Coenzymes

1
Enzymes and Vitamins Academic

• 21.8 Vitamins and Coenzymes

2
Enzymes and Vitamins

• ?Enzymes are proteins that allow chemical
  reactions to occur in your cells.
• ?Enzymes allow your cells to extract nutrients
  from foods, run your metabolism efficiently, and
  build/break down molecules for construction and
  repair of cells
• Many vitamins act to help enzymes do their job.
  Without them, enzymes cant work efficiently

3
Water-Soluble Vitamins

• Water-soluble vitamins are
• Soluble in water (Vitamins B and C)
• Used as helpers by many enzymes.
• Not stored in the body -gt extra are urinated out

4
Fat-Soluble Vitamins

• Fat-soluble vitamins
• Are A, D, E, and K.
• Soluble in lipids, but not in water.
• Important in vision, bone formation,
  antioxidants, and blood clotting.
• Stored in the body.

5
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)

• Thiamin
• Was the first B vitamin identified.
• Is part of the coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate.
• Deficiency results in beriberi (fatigue, weight
  loss, and nerve degeneration).

6
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

• Riboflavin is
• Needed for good vision and healthy skin.

7
Niacin (Vitamin B3)

• Niacin
• Deficiency can result in dermatitis, muscle
  fatigue, and loss of appetite.
• Is found in meats, rice, and whole grains.

8
Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

• Pantothenic acid
• needed for energy production as well as making
  glucose and cholesterol.
• Deficiency can result in fatigue, retarded
  growth, cramps, and anemia.
• Is found in salmon, meat, eggs, whole grains, and
  vegetables.

9
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

• Deficiency of pyridoxine may lead to dermatitis,
  fatigue, and anemia.

10
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

• Cobalamin
• Is a coenzyme for enzymes that transfer methyl
  groups and produce red blood cells.
• Deficiency can lead to anemia and nerve damage.

11
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

• Vitamin C
• Is required to make collagen
• Deficiency can lead to weakened connective
  tissue, slow-healing wounds, and anemia.
• Is found in blueberries, citrus fruits, tomatoes,
  broccoli, red and green vegetables.

12
Folic Acid (Folate)

• Folic acid (folate)
• Helps enzymes to form DNA in new cells
• Deficiency can lead to abnormal red blood cells,
  anemia, and poor growth.

13
Vitamin A

• Vitamin A is obtained from meats and
  beta-carotenes in plants (carrots for example)
• Beta-carotenes are converted by liver enzymes to
  vitamin A (retinol).
• Important in vision, bone growth, and healthy
  skin formation

14
Vitamin D

• Vitamin D (D3)
• Is synthesized in skin
• exposed to sunlight.
• Regulates the absorption of phosphorus and
  calcium during bone growth.
• Deficiency can result in weakened bones.
• Sources include cod liver oil, egg yolk, and
  enriched milk.

15
Vitamin E

• Vitamin E
• Is an antioxidant in cells.
• Is found in vegetable oils, whole grains, and
  vegetables.

16
Vitamin K

• Vitamin K2 is needed for the synthesis of
  zymogens for blood clotting.