Blood Vessels

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Blood Vessels
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Types of Blood Vessels

• Artery carries blood away from the heart
• Vein A vessel that carries blood towards the
  heart
• Capillaries microscopic vessels that carry
  blood from small arteries to small viens

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The Pathway of Blood

• Artery
• ?
• Arteriole
• ?
• Cappillary
• ?
• Venuole
• ?
• Vein

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Blood Vessel Structure

• Tunica Intima (endothelium)
• Tunica Media (smooth muscle elastic connective
  tissue)
• Tunica Adventitia (fibrous type of vessel
  connective tissue)

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Arteries

• Tunica Intima Smooth lining
• Tunica Media Allows constriction and dilation
  of vessels thicker than in veins muscle
  innervated by autonomic fibers
• Tunica Adventitia Provides flexible support
  that resists collapse or injury thicker than in
  veins thinner than tunica media

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Veins

• Tunica Intima Smooth lining with semi-lunar
  valves to ensure one way blood flow
• Tunica Media Allows constriction and dilation
  of vessels thinner than in arteries muscle
  innervated by autonomic fibers
• Tunica Adventitia Provides flexible support
  that resists collapse or injury thinner than in
  arteries thicker than tunica media

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Cappillaries

• Tunica Intima Makes up the entire wall of the
  capillary thinness permits transport across
  vessel wall
• Tunica Media Absent
• Tunica Adventitia Absent

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Micrograph of Blood Vessel Structure

• This light micrograph of a cross section of
  tissue contains an artery (left) and a vein
  (right). Note the prominence of the smooth muscle
  (tunica media) in the artery compared to the vein

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Function of Capillaries

• Most important vessels functionally
• Very tiny (on average, only 1mm long)
• According to one estimate, 1 cubic cm of muscle
  tissue contains more than 100,000 capillaries
• Primary exchange vessels
• The small size and large number ensures slow
  blood flow

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Microcirculation
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Function of Arteries

• Arteries serve mainly as distributors, carrying
  blood to the arterioles, which then carry blood
  to the capillaries
• Arterioles are important in maintaining normal
  blood pressure and circulation (resistance
  vessels)
• Precapillary sphincters function as valves
  regulating blood flow into the capillaries

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Function of Veins

• Function both as collectors and reservoir vessels
  (ability to hold blood)
• Capacitance -- Great ability to strech,
  therefore, they can hold large amounts of blood
  with almost no change in blood pressure
• Valves maintain the one way flow of blood

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• The reservoir function of veins
• Pooled blood is moved toward the heart as valves
  are forced open by pressure from volume of blood
  from below. Closure of valves prevents backflow.

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Circulatory Routes

• Systemic Circulation blood is pumped from the
  left side of the heart to all the tissues of the
  body
• Pulmonary Circulation blood is pumped from the
  right side of the heart to the gas exchange
  tissues of the lungs

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Blood Flow Through the Circulatory System
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• Main Arteries
• of the Body

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The Aorta
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Arteries of the Head and Neck
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• Arteries
• at the
• Base of the Brain

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Major Arteries of the Upper Extremity
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• Major Arteries
• of the
• Loser Extremity

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General Principles About Veins

• Veins branch into vessels of increasing size
• Vessels vary considerable in size and location
  from person to person
• Veins found deep in the body are called deep
  veins and those found near the surface are called
  superficial veins

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• Major Veins
• of the
• Body

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Major Veins of the Head and Neck
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• Major Veins of the Upper Extremity

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Principal Veins of the Thorax
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Inferior Vena Cava and its Abdominopelvic
Tributaries
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Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Coronary Bypass
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Partial Blockage of Artery in Atherosclerosis
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Balloon Angioplasty
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Varicose Veins
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