European Colonialism in Africa

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European Colonialism in Africa
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NY
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• WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?
• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OLD IMPERIALISM
  and NEW IMPERIALISM?
• Who are the imperialists?
• Where did they go in the 1600s?Where did they
  go in the 1800s?

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Pre-19c European Trade with Africa
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EuropeanNationalism
Source for Raw Materials
MissionaryActivity
Industrial Revolution
European Motives For Colonization
Markets forFinishedGoods
Military NavalBases
SocialDarwinism
Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul.
EuropeanRacism
HumanitarianReasons
Soc. Eco.Opportunities
WhiteMansBurden
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WHY NEW IMPERIALISM?

• POLITICAL
• CULTURAL
• ECONOMIC
• HOW
• Suez Canal and technology
• Military and war
• Disease

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19c Mysteries Adventures
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1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone?
DoctorLivingstone,I Presume?
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Dr. David Livingstone
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European Explorers in Africa
19c ? Europeans Map the Interior of Africa
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SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

• 1879 Africans ruled 90
• 1910 Africa taken over by Europeans
• Only free areas were Liberia and Ethiopia

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Africa 1890
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Africa in 1914
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Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
Another point of view? ?
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Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
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Social Darwinism
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The White Mans Burden
Rudyard Kipling
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The White Mans Burden?
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EGYPT

• - strategic location and modernize(Muhammad Ali
  and Ismail)
• Suez Canal (but debt to British)
• - British ruled indirectly to save investments

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The Belgian Congo "King Leopold's Ghost"
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The Congo Free State orThe Belgian Congo
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King Leopold II(r. 1865 1909)
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Harvesting Rubber
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Punishing Lazy Workers
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5-8 Million Victims! (50 of Popul.)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers)
returning with the hands of the slain, and to
find the hands of young children amongst the
bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber
from this district has cost hundreds of lives,
and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to
help the oppressed, have been almost enough to
make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic
is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to
rise and sweep every white person on the Upper
Congo into eternity, there would still be left a
fearful balance to their credit. --
Belgian Official
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Belgiums Stranglehold on the Congo
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Leopolds Conscience??
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Leopold Defends Himself in Paris, 1903
King Leopold (to Loubert) How about that!  John Bull claims that I tortured, robbed and murdered more than he did. . .Loubert No, your Majesty, that's impossible .
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The Struggle For South Africa
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SOUTH AFRICA

• British in S. Africa because the Dutch had asked
  them to look after their territories during
  Napoleonic era.
• Africanners (Dutch) or Boers and British
  surrounded ZULU and took lands
• Africanners British clash over gold Boers go
  on the Great Trek to move north
• Boer War B. and Africanners B. win

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Boer-British Tensions Increase

• 1877 Britain annexed the Transvaal.

• 1883 Boers fought British in the
  Transvaal and regained its
  independence. - Paul Kruger becomes
  President.

• 1880s Gold discovered in the
  Transvaal

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Dutch Landing in 1652
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Shaka Zulu (1785 1828)
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The Great Trek, 1836-38
Afrikaners
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Diamond Mines
Raw Diamonds
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The Struggle for South Africa
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Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)
The Colossus of Rhodes
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Uncle Sam The Colossusof the Pacific (A
Parody)
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Paul Kruger (1825-1904)
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The Boer War 1899 - 1900
The British
The Boers
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A Future British Prime Minister
Just like in the Spanish-American War with
Theodore Roosevelt leading the Rough Riders, the
Boer War made Churchill a leader for the future.
British Boer War Correspondent, Winston Churchill
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CONSEQUENCES OF NEW IMPERIALISM

• Some fought Menelik in Ethiopia ag. Italy in
  1896 and WON
• Most rebellions were unsuccessful
• Africans lived in poverty, made to labor, sold as
  slaves no chance for land
• Mission schools took away culture, introduced
  W. ways, sometimes changed (Islam)