The Lymphatic

1
The Lymphatic Immune System

• Crystal Maravilla, Jerrod Villasenor, Juan Orona

2
What is the Lymphatic System?

• Network of tubes throughout the body that drains
  lymph which bathes tissues and empties it back
  into the bloodstream.
• Structures include
• lymphatic vessels
• lymph nodes
• lymph capillaries
• lymph trunks
• spleen
• thymus

3
Lymphatic System Structures

• Lymphatic Vessels
• Functions
• Transport and filter lymph before directing it to
  the heart.
• Location
• Alongside from arteries or veins.

4
Lymph Capillaries

• Function
• Served to drain and process extracellular fluids.

• Location
• Spaces between cells

5
Lymph Trunk

• Functions
• Drains into ducts bringing lymph into blood by
  emptying into subclavian veins.
• Two lymphatic ducts
• Right lymphatic duct thoracic duct.
• Pairs of trunks
• Jugular, subclavian, bronchom,lumbar, and
  intestinal (unpaired)

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Lymph Trunk cont.

• Location
• Throughout the body.

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Lymph Nodes

• Functions
• Produces lymphocytes to protect lymph.
• Location
• Thorax and abdomen

8
Spleen

• Functions
• Recycles old red blood cells
• Stores white blood cells
• Stores platelets
• Location
• Under the ribcage

9
Thymus

• Functions
• Training and development in T-cells.
• Location
• Behind sternum
• Between lungs

10
Fluid Formation

• Formed when interstitial fluid is collected
  through lymph capillaries
• It is then transported through lymph vessels to
  lymph nodes before being emptied into veins where
  it mixes back with blood
• Lymph is a milky fluid formed from the excess
  fluid surrounding body tissue
• Hydrostatic pressure from the heart forces fluid
  to leave the blood vessels to form lymph

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Fluid Formation Cont.
12
Immune System

• Giant network that consists of
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Helps protect body from
• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Parasites
• Fungi

13
Specific Immune Cells

• Macrophages engulf antigens inform T
  lymphocytes
• Develop from monocytes
• Part of the innate immune process
• Cytoxic T cells (natural killer cells)
• Remove tumors
• Remove infected body cells
• Produces cytokines
• Cytokines
• Messenger of the immune system
• Some stimulate activity
• Inhibit activity
• Interferons, interfere with virus reproduction

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Continued . . .

• Helper T cells secrete/produce chemicals that
• Promote memory cells
• Promote effectors
• Release cytokines
• Suppresses or regulates immune responses
• B cells
• Many become plasma cells
• Produce antibodies
• Other into memory B cells
• Effector cell seek destroy antigens
• Memory cell become dormant awakens when antigen
  enters again
• Antibodies bind to antigens recognized by
  lymphocytes
• Antigen any foreign object in the body

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Non-specific Cells

• Phagocytes eats antigens
• Neutrophil phagocytize bacteria
• Most common white blood cell
• Trap the bacteria
• Eosinophils secrete enzymes to kill
• Parasitic worms
• Other pathogens
• Targets objects to big to ingest
• Normally involved in inflammation or allergic
  reactions
• Basophils contains granules of toxic chemicals
  normally for allergies
• Release histamine
• Attract neutrophils and eosinophils to trouble
  spot

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Continued . . .

• Dendritic Cells messenger between innate and
  adaptive immune systems
• Help B cells maintain immune memory
• Form numerous antibody antigen complexes
• Mast cells master regulators
• Contain inflammatory chemicals
• Histamine
• Serotonin
• Important role in wound healing

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Comparison of Cardiovascular Lymphatic Systems

• Both granular and agranular leukocytes are
  involved
• Granular leukocytes Eosinophils, Basophils,
  Neutrophils
• Agranular leukocytes lymphocytes and monocytes
• Lymphocytes include T cells, natural killer
  cells, and B cells
• Both enter into capillaries
• Lymph and plasma are both about 90 water

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Comparison of the Cardiovascular Lymphatic
Systems Cont.

• Lymph vessels resemble veins
• Both have thin walls and many check valves due to
  their shared functions of carrying fluids under
  low pressure
• Both use skeletal muscle contractions to push the
  liquid forward
• Help to maintain homeostasis

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Contrasts of the Cardiovascular Lymphatic
Systems

• Cardiovascular System
• Circulate blood throughout the body
• Delivers essential nutrients and oxygen to the
  body
• Remover wastes and carbon dioxide
• Regulates the blood pressure
• Blood flows in a continuous loop but lymph only
  flows one direction, upwards toward the neck

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Contrasts of the Cardiovascular Lymphatic
Systems Cont.

• Lymphatic System
• Movement of interstitial fluid from the tissues
  to the circulatory system
• Transports fatty acids from the digestive system
• Most fatty acids absorbed thought the lymphatic
  system
• Fight pathogens that have entered the body
• Prevent infections by barring pathogens from
  entering the body
• Develop immunity to infections

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Works Cited

• "Immune System." National Institute of Allergy
  and Infectious Disease. N.p., 12
• Mar. 2015. Web. 18 Mar. 2015.
  lthttp//www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/
• immunesystem/Pages/default.aspxgt.
• Immune and Lymphatic System. Inner Body.
• http//www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.html
• Lymphatic System Facts, Functions Diseases.
  Live Science.
• http//www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system
  .html