Hook Activity

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Hook Activity

• What do we think of when we say the word
  progress?
• How do you measure your progress?
• Where would you like to see progress in the U.S.?
• Be prepared to answer!

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The Progressive Era

• Chapter 18

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Proud to be an American

• After the Industrial Revolution the United States
  thought they were ahead of the world!
• Shocker was the book, The Jungle written by
  Upton Sinclair
• About the meat-packing industry and the awful
  conditions the food was being processed in
• Yikes! People were shocked to find out what they
  were eating!

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So how were we living?

• Why did the United States have such poor living
  conditions?
• Rapid industrialization factories
• Immigration
• Slums and congestion
• Low wages and poverty
• All this generates disease, unsanitary conditions

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New York Tenements

• Filthy overcrowded apartments
• http//www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/
  illustrations.html

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The Progressive Movement

• A time for reform and betterment
• Spans the years 1890 to 1920
• Progressive Era ended because of the concern of
  WW I

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So what did Progressives Focus on Changing?

• Progressives wanted to change the United States
  morally, politically, economically, and socially
• They had four basic beliefs
• 1. Government should be more accountable for its
  citizens
• 2. Government should curb the power of the
  wealthy
• 3. Government should expand their powers to
  become more involved
• 4. Government should be less efficient and more
  corrupt

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Reformers of the time

• Henry George- wrote Progress and Poverty
• Developed the single tax which was the idea of
  taxing land on a monthly basis
• Poverty was because people were holding onto land
  (land speculation)

• Edward Bellamy- wrote Looking Backward
• a book about a man that is hypnotized and wakes
  in the year 2000
• The government has taken over
• Influenced society because new parties formed and
  pushed for reforms

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Hook Activity

• The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has gained
  too much power. Agree or disagree?
• After a period of rapid change it is often
  necessary to slow down and regroup and assess the
  impacts of the changes like in the Progressive
  Era. Has there been a time in your life where you
  have had rapid change followed by reassessment?
• Be ready to answer!

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Propaganda!

• Muckrake- a stable rake used for raking up horse
  poop
• A muckraker was a person who told falsehoods
  about political people
• Roosevelt felt that it was unjust and unfair
  unless the info had some truth

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WHY STRIKE????

• What would be beneficial about union membership?
• Collective bargaining
• Power in numbers
• Improved working conditions
• Employers did not encourage unions!

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Socialists vs. Progressives

• Socialists wanted sweeping change
• Government controlled all property
• Wanted a fairer distribution of wealth
• Progressives did not want sweeping change
• Did not want to lose personal liberties with more
  government control
• Wanted democracy

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Change for the better!

• Women wanted change in select areas
• Conditions in which food was made
• Improved factory conditions
• Minimum wage
• Liquor control
• Child labor laws
• NCL- National Consumer League

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Women of Change

• Florence Kelley
• Worked for Jane Adams at the Hull House
• Pushed for child labor laws
• Wanted limited working hours for women
• Workplace reform

• Mother Jones
• National speaker on child labor laws and
  workplace conditions
• Lost her children and husband from yellow fever
• Dressmaking business burned to the ground
• Organized unions

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Section 2

• Chapter 18

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The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire!

• Factories were hardly ever inspected for
  violations
• This particular factory was one of the largest
  garment factories
• Employed immigrant women (cheap labor)
• Fire broke out but fire escapes were blocked,
  ladders werent long enough to get to the top
  floor
• 146 were dead
• Schneiderman and others were prompted to appoint
  fire inspectors, install fire alarms, practice
  fire drills etc.

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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Change

• http//www.authentichistory.com/1900s/trianglefire
  /trianglephotographs.html
• After the fire people pushed for improvement or
  social welfare programs- government run programs
  to help ensure a basic standard of living
• Examples WIC, welfare, soup kitchens, housing
  programs

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CHA CHA CHANGE!

• Most reforms were at the municipal or city level
• To end political corruption
• Started home rule, which meant cities were given
  more self-government and less interference by
  state

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Four Examples of Change

• Four examples
• 1. attacking political bosses
• 2. creating emergency commissions and new
  council-manager types of governments (ex.
  Galveston Texas, Ohio River Flood)
• 3. Cities take over utilities and dislodge
  monopolies
• 4. provide for public welfare programs
• Examples free kindergarten, parks, places for
  homeless

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New Ways to Vote on a State Level

• Direct Primary- citizens vote to elect nominees
  for upcoming elections
• Initiative- citizens put a proposed new law
  directly on the ballot for the next election
• Referendum- citizens approve or reject a law
  passed by the legislature
• Recall- citizens remove an elected official
  before the next election

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Whos the Boss of direct primaries?

• Robert La Follette nicknamed Fighting Bob
  instituted direct primaries in Wisconsin.
• He was a governor who got his nickname for
  cleaning up a corrupt government

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TR is the Man!

• TR was more than just a president! He created the
  modern day presidency in which the chief
  executive uses their power
• He was involved in both domestic and overseas
  issues and flexed his political muscles!

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STRIKE! NO HEAT FOR YOU!!!

• Mine workers wanted higher wages
• Owners of mines refused negotiations and winter
  approached!
• Problem?
• TR stepped in and said if both sides dont agree
  he will send in army to seize mines
• Ending raise increase of 10 and reduced work
  hours from 10 to 9
• Called the Square Deal because both sides were
  happy

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THE BADDDD GUYS!!!

• Notice that mom and pop stores are disappearing?
• Ever see the Walmart Episode of South Park? Truth
  to it?
• Holding Company- a firm that buys up the stocks
  and bonds of smaller corporations and creates a
  monopoly
• TR was called the Trust Buster because he broke
  these up

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New Legislation

• Hepburn made the Interstate Commerce Commission
  (ICC) much stronger
• They now set railroad rates
• ICC was the first true regulatory agency

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New Amendments of the Time

• 17th Amendment- required direct election of
  senators
• 18th Amendment- banned the sale, manufacturing,
  or importing of alcoholic beverages
• What was it missing?

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Protect us Please.

• TR passes the Food and Drug Act and the Meat
  Inspection Act
• They required accurate labeling of ingredients,
  strict sanitation and a rating system for meats
  (GRADE A, B, C)
• Childrens Bureau- protected children against
  long working hours, dangerous working conditions,
  and children that were too young to work

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PARADOX OF PROGRESSIVE REFORMS!

• Many reforms did not allow children to work
• Why was that not good for families
• Women actually took a step backward

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Chapter 18

• Section 3

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I dont want to do this anymore!

• TR announces he will not run again
• Tries to talk Secretary of War William Howard
  Taft to run
• Not sure if he wants to run for president or
  Chief Justice
• Taft runs on the Republican ticket and easily
  wins because of TRs support
• He wins over William Jennings Bryan

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Disappoint begins

• Taft pledge to continue TRs work not the case
• He did not appoint Progressives to his cabinet
• Lacking personality and character
• Fails to reduce tariffs

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The AFFAIR!!

• Taft hires Ballinger who is not a
  conservationist, protect natural resources
• Ballinger illegally sold millions of acres in
  Alaska rich with coal to businesses
• Pinchot, the head of the US Forest Service
  publicly attacked Ballinger pointing out that he
  was corrupt
• Taft fires Pinchot
• Ballinger never found guilty but resigned

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I DONT BELIEVE IT!!!!

• TR on a safari in Africa hears of the behavior
• Doesnt believe it at first
• Comes home to find it is true
• Decides to run in the next election against Taft
  but what would he run under?

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I FEEL AS FIT AS A.

• TR was asked if he was up for this challenge
• Replied, I fell fit as a Bull Moose
• The new political party was called the Bull Moose
  Party

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Lots goin on.

• In 1912 there were four political parties running
  in the election
• Republican Taft
• Democrat Woodrow Wilson
• Progressive or Bull Moose TR
• Socialist Eugene Debs
• Who is going to win?

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New Nationalism

• TR called his plan New Nationalism
• Regulate business
• Reform voting
• Workplace reform for women and children

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Bull Moose Party

• Ran on
• Tariff reduction
• Womans suffrage
• Child labor laws
• 8 hour workday
• Compensation system

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YOU CRAZY MAN!!!

• TR campaigned throughout the country vigorously
• At a speech he was shot and the bullet lodge
  itself in his lung
• Continued on with his speech
• WOW this man is crazy
• He is soooo strong

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DEMOCRAT

• Wilson was the democratic candidate and easily
  won the election
• Republicans were split between Taft and TR
• Ran on the idea of New Freedom
• Pushed for economic competition without big
  business
• Tariff reduction

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His first victories

• 1. tariff reduction or tax reduction and signed
  into law the 16th amendment, income tax
• 2. Clayton Anti Trust Act- broke up trusts and
  strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, which
  legalized unions, and put restrictions on
  businesses
• 3. Federal Trade Commission- forced businesses to
  follow federal regulations
• 4. Federal Reserve System- divided the country
  into 12 districts each with a federal reserve to
  prevent bank failures

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Victories continued

• 5. Hired Brandies, first Jewish Supreme Court
  Justice and was considered the peoples lawyer
• The end is near.
• The push for progressive reform will slow down
  with the growing fear of the US entering WW I

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Chapter 18

• Section 4

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The Amendments

• Women will finally get the right to vote with the
  passage of the 19th amendment in 1920
• However for years to come they will struggle to
  gain equality and respect

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• The Constitution does not use words such as men
  and women but instead people, persons or
  citizens
• 14th Amendment-1868 gave the rights of
  citizenship to all Americans
• 15th Amendment 1870 guaranteed all races the
  right to vote

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NWSA

• National Womens Suffrage Association
• Refused to endorse the 15th Amendment because it
  ignored womans suffrage
• Fought for a Constitutional Amendment

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AWSA

• American Womens Suffrage Association
• Supported the 15th Amendment as a stepping stone
• Fought for voting rights on the state level

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Merging

• Both groups will merge into the NAWSA and will
  fight for the next 30 years to gain suffrage

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Little Spit Fire

• Virginia Minor was head of a Missouri branch of
  the NWSA
• She wanted the right vote
• Claimed that the 14th Amendment gave ALL citizens
  the right to vote
• Demanded to vote in Missouri
• Happersett was the registrar and refused to allow
  her

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The Argument

• Went to the Supreme Court
• Tried by her husband
• Said that Missouris ban on women to vote was
  unconstitutional
• Unanimously ruled that the state had no
  obligation to allow her to vote

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What is needed

• 2/3 vote in both Houses
• ¾ vote in the state legislature
• Why not women
• Women are manipulated
• Make them masculine
• Thinks with heart
• Interfere with home life

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Hook

• How many are going to vote when they are 18?
• How would you feel if they changed the age to 25?
• Why would some people want to deny rights to
  others?
• Do all countries allow their citizens to vote?

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Women of the time

• Carrie Chapman Catt- head of NAWSA who used
  dignified methods to fight for suffrage
• School principal and great speaker
• Alice Paul- used aggressive methods
• Organized parades
• Created the Congressional Union

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• Susan B. Anthony- president NAWSA
• Fought for womens rights
• On the coin
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton- founded the NWSA with
  Susan
• Organized the first womens convention in Seneca
  Falls Convention

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Women Gain Respect

• WW I
• Duties of the men become womens
• Rosie the Riveter- spokes person for the movement
• Pushed for women to do their patriotic duty
• Pictures of her all over
• Anthony Amendment- nicknamed after Susan and is
  the 19th Amendment

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19th Amendment

• Gave women the right to vote
• Last reform movement of the Progressive Era
• Passed in 1920