Judaism

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Judaism
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Website
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1. Judaism differs from nearby people

• Hebrews were monotheistic
• Yahweh creator and ruler of the universe
• Ethnic group or religion
• Movements (Sects) Reform, Conservative, and
  Orthodox
• As of 2010, there were nearly 13.5 million Jews
  worldwide

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2. Father of the Jewish people?

• Abraham 1900 BC
• God made a covenant (agreement) with him to keep
  Gods laws

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3. What are Jewish laws called? Purpose of the
laws?

• Ten Commandments
• Standard of conduct religious and ethical laws
• Guides peoples relationship with God and other
  people

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4. What land was promised to the Jews?

• Palestine
• Ancient Canaan
• Parts in present day Israel

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5. Remaining wall of the Temple? Why is it
important?

• Western Wall or Wailing wall
• Remaining wall of King Solomon's temple
• Destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D.
• Place of pilgrimage - Jerusalem

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Temple Mount
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6. What is Jewish Diaspora?

• Scattering of the Jews throughout the world
• Spread of culture and religion

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Diaspora

• By the 1st century B.C., the Jews living in
  Israel came under the control of Rome. Region was
  known as Judaea
• In 70 A.D., the Jews revolted against Roman rule.
  The Temple was destroyed again, and the Jews
  were again forced into exile
• As further punishment, the Romans renamed the
  area Palestine

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7. What is Torah? Why is it important?

• Hebrew bible
• Early history, moral and religious laws
• Sacred text
• Old Testament first five books of the bible

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8. Define prophet. Who is the most important
prophet

• Person who speaks or acts on behalf of
  God/religious teacher
• Moses

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9. Identify describe the basic beliefs and
traditions of Judaism

• One god
• Live according to Gods laws
• Study the Torah
• Ethical world view
• Dietary laws
• Sabbath day of rest Saturday
• Movements Orthodox, Conservative, Reform

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10. What are the Jewish beliefs of the Messiah?
Has the Messiah arrived?

• Messiah savior one anointed by God
• No

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Christianity

• As of 2010, there were 2.18 billion Christians in
  the world

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1. Out of what religion did Christianity grow?

• Judaism
• Became a separate identity
• Most followed faith in the world
• Many Denominations (Sects)
• Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant

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2. Christian beliefs about Jesus compared to
other religions?

• Jesus is considered to be the Messiah and son of
  God
• Jesus was sent to reconcile/rebuild the
  relationship between humanity and God

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3. How is the Bible divided? Name the parts.

• Old and New Testament
• Before Jesus and after Jesus
• Old Testament-Torah
• New Testament- Gospels

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4. What is the purpose of the Apostles Creed?

• Statement of Christians beliefs
• Creed any set of beliefs or principles

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5. What is the importance of the resurrection and
ascension of Jesus?

• Basis for Christian beliefs about Jesus

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6. Why were the Christians persecuted?

• Did not show respect for Roman Gods
• Persecution ended with Roman Emperor
  Constantines conversion to Christianity (313
  A.D.)
• Martyrs

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Conversion of the Empire

• In A.D. 312, the Roman Emperor Constantine I
  supposedly saw a vision in a dream the night
  before a very important battle
• In his vision, he saw a symbol of Jesus Christ,
  and was told that if he and his soldiers painted
  this symbol on their shields, they would be
  victorious the next day in battle

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Conversion of the Empire

• The next day, Constantines forces were
  victorious.

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Conversion of the Empire

• The Emperor Constantine then began to promote the
  spread of Christianity throughout the Empire
• In A.D. 325, he convened a council of bishops at
  Nicaea, in modern day Turkey, to come to an
  agreement about Church doctrine
• They came up with a formal expression of
  Christian faith, known as The Apostles Creed
• Christianity would become the official religion
  of the Roman and then Byzantine Empires

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7. Why did Christianity appeal to people? Reasons
for the spread of Christianity.

• Offered hope for all people
• Salvation and eternal life
• Salvation for good choices-moral choices
• All believers were equal under the eyes of God

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8. Identify the Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church.

• Roman Empire was divided (eastern half Byzantine
  Empire) 1054
• Byzantine emperor refused to recognize the pope
  as head of Christian Church
• Christian church split into two parts
• Roman Catholic Church Rome
• Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church Constantinople

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Comparison of Statistics and Basics
  Judaism Christianity
adherents called Jews Christians
current adherents 14 million 2 billion
current size rank 12th largest largest
major concentration Israel, Europe, USA Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in Africa
sacred text Bible/Torah Bible (Jewish Bible New Testament)
other written authority Talmud, Midrash, Responsa church fathers, church councils, papal decrees (Catholic only)
clergy rabbis priests, ministers, pastors, bishops
house of worship synagogue church, chapel, cathedral
main day of worship Saturday Sunday
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Comparison of Origins and History
  Judaism Christianity
date founded unknown c. 33 CE
place founded Palestine (def) Palestine
founder Moses or Abraham Jesus
original language(s) Hebrew Aramaic, Greek
early expansion little expansion mostly confined to Palestine within 60 years, churches in major cities in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome (map) entire Roman Empire by end of 4th cent.
major splits Reform/Orthodox, 1800s CE Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 CE Catholic/Protestant, 1500s CE
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Comparison of Religious Beliefs
  Judaism Christianity
type of theism strict monotheism Trinitarian monotheism
ultimate reality one God one God
names of God Yahweh, Elohim Yahweh, the Holy Trinity
other spiritual beings angels and demons angels and demons
identity of Jesus not prophet Son of God, God incarnate, savior of the world
death of Jesus death by crucifixion death by crucifixion
resurrection of Jesus Not part of beliefs affirmed
divine revelation through Prophets, recorded in Bible through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself), recorded in Bible
means of salvation belief in God, good deeds correct belief, faith, good deeds, sacraments (some Protestants emphasize faith alone)
afterlife views vary some heaven eternal heaven
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Similarities of Judaism Christianity

• All religions
• A way to rejoice and give thanks
• moral code
• Give to needy
• Golden rule do unto others
• Supreme power

• C and J
• Monotheism
• Old Testament
• Prophets
• Ten Commandments
• Idea Heaven
• Belief in the idea of a Messiah
• Jerusalem Holy
• Coming of Age ceremonies
• Several Denominations/movements
• Sacred text
• Sabbath (Sat/Sun)