Judaism

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Judaism
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Beginnings

• Early history found in the Torah
• Hebrew Bible
• This is the Old Testament in the Christian Bible
• Details actual events and stories to teach lessons

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Abraham

• Shepherd from Ur
• God chose him to be Father of Hebrews
• Moved his people to Canaan
• Got to Canaan and in 1650 B.C. Abrahams
  descendents moved to Egypt

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Abrahams Journey from Ur
Canaan ? The Promised Land
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(No Transcript)
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Yahweh

• God of the Hebrews
• Monotheism
• Belief in ONE god
• Their God did not belong to a single city
• They could carry their worship everywhere
• Had power over EVERYONE

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Covenant

• Abraham promised to obey God
• God promised to protect Hebrews
• This mutual promise is called a COVENANT

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Move to Egypt

• Because of famine and drought
• At first, they were respected and given places of
  honor
• Later they were forced into slavery

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Moses
Moses Rescued From the Nile
Shepherd of His People
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The Exodus
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Route of the Exodus
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Parting the Red Sea
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10 Commandments

• Given to Moses by God on Mt. Sinai
• Basis of civil and religious law
• New Covenant between God and the Hebrews
• God would protect and the Hebrews would obey the
  10 laws

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Moses and the 10 Commandments
A new covenant with Yahweh
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Return to Canaan

• Wandered desert for 40 years
• Returned to Canaan
• No longer were nomadic and settled down
• Learned technologies from their neighbors

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Video Clip Exodus
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Judges and Hebrew Law

• Hebrews were in loosely organized tribes in
  Canaan and governed themselves
• In crisis, God would raise judges up to take
  charge and unite the tribes
• Live a moral life following Gods law

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Hebrew Law

• Women did not have roles of authority in Jewish
  society
• Commandments showed strict justice, but
  emphasized Gods mercy
• Duty
• Worship God and live justly with one another

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The Kingdom of Israel

• Eventually, one tribe left Judah
• ? hence the name Jews religion Judaism
• 1020-922 B.C.
• ? great period of prosperity

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King Saul

• 1st King of Israel
• Drove Philistines out of Palestine
• Portrayed as jealous man
• Died at the Battle of Mount Gilboa fighting
  Philistines

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King David

• Sauls son-in-law
• Very popular
• Established Jerusalem as the capital
• Samuel 171-185
• David defeats Goliath with sling shot

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King Davids Empire
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King Solomon

• Greatest of 3 Kings
• Son of King David
• Built Temple of Jerusalem holds Arc of the
  Covenant (Moses tablets)
• Solomons projects strained kingdoms finances

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Solomons Kingdom
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King Solomons Temple Floor Plan
The First Temple
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Inside the Temple Tabernacle
The Arcof theCovenant
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The Kingdom Divides

• 922 B.C. Kingdom splits in two
• Israel to the North
• Judah to the South
• Next 200 years were turmoil

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Babylonian Captivity

• 738 B.C. Israel and Judah paying tribute to
  Assyrians
• 725 B.C. Assyrians siege Samaria, capital of
  Israel
• Judah held on for another 150 yrs.

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Jewish Captives 8c BCE
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Judahs Destruction

• 586 B.C. King Nebuchadnezzar conquers Judah
• Solomons temple destroyed
• Survivors exiled to Babylon

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Nebuchadnezzar IIs Babylon
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Jerusalem Rebuilt

• 539 B.C. Persian King (Cyrus The Great)
  conquers Babylon
• Allows 40,000 exiles to return to Jerusalem
• Many Jews stayed in Babylon
• 445 B.C. walls of Jerusalem rebuilt

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The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today
Solomons Temple Wall The Wailing Wall