SLOVENIAN MOUNTAINS

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SLOVENIAN MOUNTAINS
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INTRODUCTION

• Slovenia is a small country. We have the sea
  and rivers, mountains, forests and fields, towns
  and villages, so it is a beautiful country. The
  biggest mountain in Slovenia is Triglav. It is on
  our flag.

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THE ALPS

• The Alps are stretching from Austria over
  Slovenia to the east. It is surprising to know
  that the Alps were created by the mezozoic
  sediments. Later, tectonic forces created cracks
  and wide slits and transformed them into
  different facets.
• The Alps are made of limestone. The
  limestone is very breakable, so we must have
  suitable equipment for climbing in the Alps.

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• The Julian Alps are a part of the great Alpine
  arc. A range of about 150 mountains extends
• in the Northwest of Slovenia. The surface
  area is 4400 square kilometres. The entire
  mountain range is divided into two sections the
  Western Julian Alps and the Eastern Julian Alps.

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The Julian Alps, the Slovenian term for the
Alpine stretch of mountains, is derived from
Forum Julii, (now Cividale), a town across the
Italian border founded by Julius Caesar. The
biggest mountain in the Slovenian Alps is
Triglav.
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Slovenian Alps

• are divided into three groups
• Julijske alpe - there is the only national park
  in Slovenia called Triglavski narodni park, the
  highest mountain is Triglav (2864 m)
• Kamniško Savinjske alpe - on the Austrian
  border, the highest mountain is Grintovec
  (2558 m)
• Karavanke (Stol 2236 m ).

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Triglavski narodni park - tourism

•   This is the only national park in Slovenia.
  This national park in the area of the Julian Alps
  got its name from Slovenias highest mountain,
  Triglav. The most picturesque part of the park is
  Slovenias biggest glacial lake Lake Bohinj.
  Various water sports are popular there in summer,
  while in cold winters, crowds come to ski
  ressorts to enjoy winter sports.Many other
  lakes are well known in the park, for instance
  Krnsko jezero. There are also numerous
  waterfalls, two of the finest being Savica and
  Pericnik. One of the most popular tourist
  attractions is the enchanting Radovna River gorge
  of Blejski Vintgar. In the Soca River area, which
  also falls within the park, the most popular
  pastimes are high-adrenaline sports along the
  Soca River. Rafting and hydrospeeding are
  unforgettable experiences.

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• Lake Bohinj
• River Soca

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• Korita Mostnice
• Slap Savica

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• Pokljuka
• Triglav

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Slovenian Lakes

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• All the mountain lakes in Slovenia were derived
  from a glacier a long time ago. Because of the
  Karst surface the glacier easily carved and
  erased the surface.
• Many mountain paths to the lakes are not very
  easy to take, so that is why they are not very
  popular among tourists. However, if you manage to
  get there you will be awarded with a magnificent
  sight.
• The most famous glacier lakes in Slovenia are

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• The seven Lakes
• in the Triglav national park

• Sedmera jezera they are amazing, but if you want
  to see them you must walk for 2-3 hours before
  you can see at least the first of them, while the
  whole sight seeing tour of those lakes usually
  takes the whole day.

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• Lake Jasna

Kriško jezero - lake
Krnsko jezero
Krnsko jezero is one of the biggest glacier lakes
to be found find in Julian Alps and has the most
amazing view
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The most famous lakes are definitely Bled and
Bohinj , they are easy to get to, and they are
almost like Slovenian specialties. Both lakes are
interesting for tourists (swimming in summer,
tours round the lakes , taking a mini boat for
sailing, ice-skating, diving )

• In the middle of Bled Lake there is an
  island with the church from ancient times on it.
  It is very romantic in winter, you can walk to
  the island if the lake is frozen. In spring,
  summer ,and autumn you can use a boat to reach
  the island . Bled and its surroundings is also
  famous for Blejska kremsnita and for a view
  from the beautiful castle on the cliff .

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Animals in Slovenian Alps

• In Slovenian mountains some rare and
  beautiful animals can be found. For example black
  grouses,
• capercaillie, griffon vultures, otter,
  brown bear,
• the Alpine ibex, chamois. the Alpine marmot,
• deer, mouflon, martens, foxes, badgers,
  wolves
• and so on...

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ALPINE IBEX
BROWN BEAR
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GRIFFON VULTURE
BLACK GROUSES
ALPINE MARMOT
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Alpine flora

• In the Julian Alps tree line in the most
  massive and highest central part reaches the
  maximum up to 1900m above the sea level.
• Elsewhere, the line is lower and drops up/down
  to 1600m. Kamnisko Savnijske alpe are lower and
  there the tree line is at 1600m.
• In Karavanke the tree line is lower because the
  mountains are much lower than Julian Alps.
• The tree line on the high Kras/Karst plateau is
  lower because of the human activities. Tree line
  is at altitudes from 1450 to 1550 m, and mainly
  consists of beech trees.

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• In Slovenia, according to the environmental
  legislation approximately 8 of the territory is
  protected. It occupies the largest area of
  Triglav National Park (83,807ha).

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• Being under the influence of Mediterranean,
  the vegetation in the Julian Alps is
  exceptionally rich and unique regarding specimens
  (also endemic plants). You will be filled with
  unforgettable memories upon eying Zois'
  bellflower, Koch's gentian, the alpine vanilla
  orchid, the Striate Daphne, edelweiss, Carniolan
  lily... The botanical garden Alpinum Juliana is
  certainly worth a visit.
• Trumpet gentian
• Gentiana clusiiLow plant in clusters of
  bell-shaped flowers.Various shades of blue to be
  seen.
• Season May-AugFrequency CommonHabitat800 -
  3,100m on scree, rocks, grass

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• Snow Buttercup
• Ranunculus adoneusShiny dish-shaped yellow or
  orange leaves.Appears on snowfields soon after
  snow melts.
• SeasonJune-AugFrequency CommonHabitat High
  meadows, rocks and scree
• Mouse-ear hawkweed
• Hieracium peleterianumGrowing to 30cm, can be
  confused with Tolpis.Single leafless stems
  yellow flower with
• square ends.
• Season May-OctFrequency UncommonHabitat200
  - 2,700m on dry grassland and heath

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• Fringed gentian
• Gentianella ciliataHairy-edged plant with
  spoon-shaped leaves.Colour can be purple, pale
  blue, mid-blue or azure.
• Season Aug-SeptFrequency RareHabitat200 -
  2,400m on limestone, scrub, meadows
• Greater Burnet-saxifrage
• Pimpinella majorTall, growing up to 1m.Member
  of the carrot family.
• SeasonJun-AugFrequencyRareHabitatMeadows,
  herbs

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• Large-flowered leopard's bane
• Doronicum grandiflorumBold yellow flower
  growing up to 50cm tall.Similar in appearance to
  Arnica and
• Chamois ragwort.
• SeasonJuly-AugFrequencyUncommonHabitat1,70
  0 - 3,200m
• The Planika
• The plant is unequally distributed and prefers
  rocky limestone places at 20002900 m altitude.
  It is not toxic, and has been used traditionally
  in folk medicine as a remedy against abdominal
  and respiratory diseases. The dense hair appears
  to be an adaptation to high altitudes, protecting
  the plant from cold, aridity and UV radiation.
• Since it usually grows in inaccessible places, it
  is associated in many countries of the alpine
  region with mountaineering. Its white colour is
  considered a symbol of purity, and Edelweiss
  means "noble whiteness" or "noble purity", its
  Romanian name, floarea reginei means "Queen's
  flower"

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The High Tatrasof Slovakia
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Location

• The High Tatras are situated in the north part of
  Slovakia. Its placed on the small area with
  length 26 kilometers so the High Tatras are the
  smallest.

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Discerption

• The Tatras consist of
• The Western Tatras
• The Eastern Tatras which consist of
• High Tatras
• Belianske Tatras

TheWestern Tatras
The High Tatras
The Belianske Tatras (with name of some peaks)
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Relief

• Tatras relief is the work of rivers and mountain
  glaciers.
• There were together 41 mountain glaciers which
  rolled down the valleys and created a distinctive
  V-shaped valley, U. In several places the moraine
  walls consisting of huge boulders, gravel and
  clay.

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Javorová valley
Liptovská valley
Tichá valley
Žiarska valley
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Tarns

• In Quaternary the early warming was melting of
  glaciers. In some places are glacial lakes-
  tarns. In the Tatra Mountains is more than 200
  lakes. Largest in the territory of Slovakia is
  Large Hincovo tarn in Mengus valley. They are
  also known Nižné and Vyšné Tarn, Štrbské
  tarn,Popradské tarn, Rocky and Green Tarn. The
  territory of Tatras belongs to the Drainage area
  Black Sea and Baltic Sea. Many famous rivers rise
  in the Tatras. For example, Vah.

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Štrbské tarn
Štrbské tarn
Big Hrincovo tarn (biggest one)
Popradské tarn
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Waterfalls

• The best known are A huge waterfall in the
  mouth of Cold Creek and jump waterfall in
  Mlynska Valley.

The Jump Waterfall
The Huge Waterfall
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Climate

• The climate has more alpine character is so cool
  and damp affected by the division of individual
  relief. Snow cover in the Tatras persists. In the
  valleys measured 180 cm in the higher areas up to
  250 cm. In difficult terrain there is therefore a
  slide avalanches. For Tatras is a typical windy
  weather 300 days per a year. The average annual
  temperature for 1000m.n is 5 degrees Celsius in
  July 15 degrees Celsius.

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Fauna

• The Tatra Mountains are home to many species of
  animals 54 tardigrades, 22 turbellarians, 100
  rotifers, 22 copepods, 162 spiders, 81 molluscs,
  43 mammals, 200 birds, 7 amphibians and 2
  reptiles. The most notable mammals are the Tatra
  chamois, marmot, snow vole, brown bear, wolf,
  Eurasia lynx, red deer, roe deer, and wild boar.
  Notable fish include the brook trout and
  alpinebullhead. The endemic arthropod species
  include a caddis fly, spider and a springtail.

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Bear
Chamoi
Snow vole
Marmot
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Flora

• The Mountains have a diverse variety of plants.
  They are home to more than 1,000 species of
  vascular plants, about 450 mosses, 200
  liverworts, 700 lichens, 900 fungi, and 70 slime
  moulds. There are five climatic-vegetation belts
  in the Tatras
• The distribution of plants depends on altitude
• up to 1,300 m Carpathian beech forest almost no
  shrub layer, herb layer occupies most of the
  forest floor
• to 1,550 m Spruce forest shrub layer poorly
  developed, mosses are a major component
• to 1,800 m Mountain Pine, numerous herbs
• to 2,300 m high altitude grasslands
• from 2,300 m up Subnivean - bare rock and almost
  no vegetation (mostly lichens)

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Tourism

• The region of the High Tatras is rich in natural
  beauties . There are very good conditions for
  mountain sports both in summer and in winter .
  Due to their climate position and altitude the
  mountains have very good conditions for curing
  respiratory diseases.

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Sports

• The High Tatras offer wide range of sports. The
  main touristic centers are in the south of the
  Tatras. People can choose from many kinds of
  sports skiing, alpine skiing, bungee jumping,
  hang-gliding, but the most famous are climbing
  and hiking

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• Skiing- The region offers an ideal conditions
  for skiing in top ski centers. (Podbanské,
  Štrbské Pleso, Smokovce, Tatranská Lomnica,
  Skalnaté pleso, Ždiar.)

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• Climbing- Its professional and one of the most
  fascinating sports in the HT . The most
  attractive hills are Volia veža, Žabí kôn,
  Batizovský štít, Velická stena, Široká veža, or
  Ladový štít.
• Hiking- Most visitors come to the HT to hike. In
  the High Tatras there is a good network of
  hiking routes (297.5 km).

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The most frequently visited places

• Popradské pleso- its a starting-point for
  important hiking tours. There is a symbolic
  cementery where people can see memorial boards of
  people who died in the HT
• Štrbské pleso- its a tourist and medical centre.
  It is famous for its sports complex and one of
  the world winter events is held there every
  year. The area has six ski tows and chairlifts.
• Skalnaté pleso- its the ski resort with the
  highest altitude and also the best downhill
  skiing resort.

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• Lomnický štít- there is an observatory. People
  can get there by a cable railroad
• Rysy- is a border peak between Slovakia and
  Poland, its the highest peak in Poland
• Kriván- is a symbol of Slovakia and freedom of
  Slavs. We Slovaks believe that a true Slovak
  patriot should climb Kriván at least once in
  their life.

Lomnický Peak
Rysy
Kriván
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Museums

• The museum of Liptovská dedina village was opened
  when LM dam was constructed. Some characteristic
  houses of the villages where moved to the museum
  because the villages were flooded during the
  construction of the dam.
• The museum of TANAP pictures Tatras nature and
  history of human relations to nature.