Cardiovascular Disease

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Cardiovascular Disease

• Senior Health- Bauberger

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The Leading Cause of Death in America

• Heart disease and strokes are the most common
  cardiovascular diseases
• They are the 1st and 3rd leading causes of death
  for men and women in the United States
• Heart disease and strokes account for more than
  35 of all deaths
• More than 870,000 Americans die of heart disease
  and strokes every year, 2,400 people a day

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Statistics

• 1 in 3 Americans live with one or more types of
  CV disease
• 73 million people currently live with high blood
  pressure
• 5.8 million currently living have suffered a
  stroke
• 5.3 million living have suffered heart failure
• 8.1 million living have had a heart attack
• The avg. age suffering from heart disease lowers
  each year

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Why?
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Heart Disease Death Rates for Morris County

• Heart Disease Death Rates, Total Population, Ages
  35, 1996 2000 
• Race/Ethinicity  Rate 
• Total Population 529 
• --------------------------------------------------
  ----------------------
• American Indian Alaska Natives Insufficient
  data
• Asian and Pacific Islanders
  182
• African Americans
  589
• Hispanics
  235
• Caucasians
  523

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Types of Cardiovascular Diseases

1. Hypertension
2. High Blood Cholesterol
3. Heart Murmur
4. Arrhythmia
5. Atherosclerosis
6. Heart Attack
7. Congestive Heart Failure
8. Stroke

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Hypertension

• Blood pressure of 140/90 or higher
• The silent killer
• Leads to heart disease
• Increases blood pressure puts strain on heart and
  vessels
• 1 out of 3 American adults have hypertension
• Can reduce risk by exercising regularly,
  maintaining healthy weight, reducing stress, and
  eating foods low in sodium

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High Blood Cholesterol

• Cholesterol is transported in blood by
  lipoproteins
• Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) carry cholesterol
  to body tissues for use or storage. It is the
  bad cholesterol because it builds up plaque on
  artery walls.
• High-density lipoproteins (HDL) pick up extra
  cholesterol from body tissues and carry it to the
  liver. Its the good cholesterol because it
  cleans your arteries of excess cholesterol.
• LDL level should be lower than 129 mg/dL
• HDL level should be 40 mg/dL or higher

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Heart Murmur

• Irregular heart beat
• Not an actual disease but an indicator of disease
• Can be innocent or abnormal
• Abnormal can be due to congenital heart defect or
  heart valve problems
• Innocent often disappear with age (most children
  are born with a heart murmur)
• Those with innocent heart murmurs have healthy
  hearts

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Arrhythmia

• Irregular heartbeats (twitching)
• A form of heart disease
• Heart may be beating too slowly or too quickly
  with an uneven rhythm
• May result from damage of a heart attack or
  spontaneously
• Fibrillation is a deadly arrhythmia in which the
  heart twitches rapidly (Defibrillation is the
  only way to control this type)
• Some can be controlled by medications, others
  require implantation of an artificial pacemaker

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Atherosclerosis

• Disease in which fatty substances build up inside
  artery walls (plaque), causing artery walls to
  narrow and thicken, making it very difficult for
  blood to flow and increases blood pressure
• Arteriosclerosis hardening of the arteries,
  develops when arteries lose their elasticity
• Coronary Heart Disease Occurs when
  atherosclerosis develops in the arteries that
  supply the heart, decreasing blood flow to the
  heart
• Angina Pectoris Chest pain that occurs when an
  area of the heart doesnt get enough oxygen-rich
  blood

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Atherosclerosis
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Heart Attack

• Occurs when tissue in the heart doesnt receive
  its normal blood supply and dies
• Cause is usually a blood clot formed in the
  coronary artery which has been narrowed by
  atherosclerosis
• The more heart tissue that dies due to lack of
  oxygen, the more severe the attack
• Four major risk factors
• High blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol,
  physical inactivity, and smoking

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Heart Attack
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Heart Attack

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vn8P3n6GKBSY

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Congestive Heart Failure

• A condition in which the heart slowly weakens
  over time
• Years of atherosclerosis and high blood pressure
  can lead to this condition
• As the heart weakens, its less able to pump
  blood, only treated by meds that relax blood
  vessels and decrease strain on the heart
• Swelling of the feet and lower legs can be
  symptoms

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Stroke

• A sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the
  brain
• Occurs when an artery that supplies blood to an
  area of the brain is blocked, either caused by
  atherosclerosis or a clot
• Can also occur when a weakened artery in brain
  bursts and floods the area. If burst artery is
  located in the cerebrum of the brain, the stroke
  cerebral hemorrhage
• An aneurysm is a blood-filled spot that balloons
  out from the artery wall and bursts -gt usually
  deadly.
• Effects can depend on location and severity
• Brain damage affecting senses, speech,
  comprehension, etc
• Paralysis on one side of the body
• Death (over 1/3 result in death)

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Stroke
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Stroke
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Risk Factors / Prevention

• Risks you cannot control
• Heredity (family history)
• Ethnicity (African Americans have highest rates
  of heart disease)
• Gender (Men are more likely to suffer heart
  attacks, women are more likely to suffer strokes)
• Age (As age increases, so does risk of disease)
• More young people than ever before are being
  diagnosed with cardiovascular disease

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Risk Factors / Prevention

• Risks you can control
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Eat a healthy diet
• Stay physically active
• Manage stress
• Monitor blood pressure
• Avoid smoking and drinking

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Treating Cardiovascular Disease

• Cardiovascular diseases cant be cured but can
  often be controlled Testing
• MRI, Electriocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiogram
  (EKG), Arteriography
• Treatment
• Balloon Angioplasty, Coronary Bypass Surgery,
  Artificial Pacemaker, Heart Transplant

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References

• http//www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/AAG/dhdsp.
  htm
• http//apps.nccd.cdc.gov/giscvh2/
• http//www.healingwithnutrition.com/cdisease/cardi
  ovascular/cardiovascular.htmlA1
• http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/heart
  murmur/hmurmur_what.html