Cardiovascular Disease

1
Cardiovascular Disease Hypercholesteremia

• By Grant Blackmon, Peichi Hai, Jessica Ruiz,
  April Stahl

2
Cardiovascular Disease

• Some form of disease of the heart and blood
  vessels
• In developed counties, accounts for more deaths
  than any other disease
• Heart attack, stroke, aneurysm
• Risk factors
• Age, gender, family history
• High LDL, Low HDL cholesterol
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Diet and physical activity level
• Smoking

3
Hypercholesteremia (aka High LDL cholesterol)

• Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
• LDL carry cholesterol to cells where it can build
  up as plaque in the arteries
• The higher the LDL the greater the risk of
  developing atherosclerosis
• HDL is different from LDL, it is the Healthy
  cholesterol and LDL is the Less healthy
  cholesterol
• The higher the HDL and the lower the LDL, the
  lower the risk is for CVD and hypercholesteremia

4
Atherosclerosis

• Hardening of the arteries
• Accumulation of soft, fatty, streaks in the inner
  walls of the arteries (especially at branch
  points)
• Becomes plaque-hard fibrous and can damage artery
  walls making them hard and narrow
• Most people have well developed plaque by age of
  30
• Caused by diet high in saturated fat
• Aggravated by
• High LDL
• Hypertension
• Cigarette smoking
• Viral and bacterial infections

5
Effects of Atherosclerosis
6
Dietary Recommendations to help prevent CVD

• Lower intakes of saturated fats and trans-fats
• Increase unsaturated fat intake
• American Heart Association recommends 2 meals of
  fish per week
• Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables
• Increase complex carbohydrates
• Soluble fiber binds to cholesterol and bile in
  the intestines
• Soy products and plant sterols might decrease CVD
• Maintain healthy weight
• Limit alcohol
• Avoid tobacco