SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION APPROACHES TO ACCULTURATION

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SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION APPROACHES TO ACCULTURATION
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LECTURE OUTLINE

• Social identification approach
• What is identity and how does it change?
• Shifting identity
• Maintaining identity
• Models of identity and acculturation
• Unidimensional
• Balance
• Orthogonal and categorical

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LECTURE OUTLINE (cont)

• Berrys model of acculturation
• Acculturation and adaptation
• Interactive model of acculturation
• Prejudice and discrimination
• Applications of social identification theories
• ABCs of acculturation

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Social Identification Identity Intergroup
relations
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Ethno-cultural identity recognition,
categorization and self identification as a
member of an ethno-cultural group
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Ethno-cultural Identity includes
belongingness centrality evaluation
tradition
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Shifting Identity

• Age
• Gender
• Generation
• Intercultural contact

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Maintaining Identity

• Age
• Gender
• Generation
• Intercultural contact

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Unidimensional Model of Acculturation
HERITAGE CULTURE
HOST CULTURE
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Balance Model of Acculturation
Host Culture
Heritage Culture
Biculturalism
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CATEGORICAL MODEL OF ACCULTURATION Question 1
Is it important to maintain cultural
identity? Question 2 Is it important to
maintain positive relations with other
groups? Q1. yes no yes Q2. no

Integration Assimilation
Separation Marginalisation
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Integration strategy preferred by
immigrants associated with positive
psychological and social outcomes
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INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ETHNO-CULTURAL
YOUTH

• Participating countries United States, Canada,
  Finland, Norway, Sweden, Great Britain,
  Netherlands, Germany, Portugal, France, Israel,
  Australia, New Zealand
• Participants Over 6000 native born and
  immigrant students, 14-18 years old
• NZ sample Pakeha, Maori, Pacific Nation,
  Chinese

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Preference for Acculturation Strategies In
Pacific Nation and Chinese Students
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Integration and Adaptation in Immigrant groups

• PACIFIC NATION
• School Adjustment ( r .18)
• CHINESE
• Life satisfaction (r .23)
• Behavioural Problems (r -.30)

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NZ Diplomats
Psychological Adaptation Co-national
identification associated with less
depression Integrated were less depressed than
assimilated Sociocultural Adaptation Host
national identification associated with fewer
social difficulties Assimilated and integrated
had less social difficulties than marginalized
who had less difficulties than separated

• Ward Kennedy (1993)

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Interactive Acculturation Model (Bourhis)

• Integration
• Assimilation
• Segregation (Separation)
• Exclusion (Marginalization)
• Individualism (Marginalization)

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Interactive Acculturation Model Immigrant
Community Host Community
Integration Assimilation Separation Anomie
Individualism Integration Consensual
Problematic Conflictual Problematic
Problematic Assimilation Problematic
Consensual Conflictual Problematic Problematic
Segregation Conflictual
Conflictual Conflictual Conflictual Conflictual
Exclusion Conflictual
Conflictual Conflictual Conflictual Conflictual
Individualism Problematic
Problematic Problematic Problematic Consensual
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Preference for Acculturation Strategies In NZ
Pakeha, Maori, Pacific Nation and Chinese Students
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ACCULTURATION EXPECTATIONS NATIONAL SAMPLE(
of agreement)

• Immigrants should give up their original culture
• for the sake of adopting New Zealand culture.
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• Immigrants should maintain their original culture
  as
• long as they do not mix it with NZ culture.
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• Immigrants should maintain their original culture
  
• while also adopting NZ culture.
  82
• Ward Masgoret (in prep)

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It is a good thing for a country to be made up of
different races, religions and cultures.
Ward Masgoret (in prep)
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Prejudice and Discrimination

• Cultural distance
• Nzers prefer migrants from UK and Australia to
  those from Asia, Pacific, Africa
• Principles and practices
• Positive attitudes toward integration and
  multiculturalism, but active discrimination in
  the labor market

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PERCEPTIONS OF SPECIFIC IMMIGRANT GROUPS

• Ward Masgoret (in prep)

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MODEL OF ATTITUDES TOWARD IMMIGRANTS IN NEW
ZEALAND

• Ward Masgoret (in press)

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Applicationsprogrammes for facilitating
integration and enhancing intergroup relations
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ABCs of Acculturation
AFFECT STRESS AND COPING THEORIES
BEHAVIOUR CULTURE LEARNING THEORIES
Processes involved in coping with cultural change
Affective Outcomes Psychological Adjustment
Behavioral Outcomes Sociocultural Adaptation
Processes involved in acquiring specific skills
Cognitive Outcomes Cultural Identity and
Intergroup Perceptions
Processes involved in developing, changing and
maintaining identity
COGNITIONS SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION THEORIES