ATOMIC STRUCTURE

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE

• SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

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WHATS IN AN ATOM?

• THREE MAIN PARTICLES
• PROTONS
• NEUTRONS
• ELECTRONS

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WHERE ARE THEY?

• IN CENTER
• - PROTONS
• - NEUTRONS

• ENERGY LEVELS SURROUNDING CENTER
• - ELECTRONS

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WHATS THIS LOOK LIKE?
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HOW DO MASSES COMPARE?

• MEASURED IN AMUs. (this stands for atomic mass
  units)
• 1 AMU the mass of 1 proton or 1 neutron
• Proton 1 amu, or 1.674 x 10 -24 grams
• Neutron 1 amu or 1.675 x 10-24 grams
• Electrons 0 amu or 9.11 x 10-28 grams
• Comparatively, electrons have 1/1836 the mass of
  either the proton or neutron

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HOW DO MASSES COMPARE?

• MEASURED IN AMUs. (this stands for atomic mass
  units)
• 1 AMU the mass of 1 proton or 1 neutron
• Proton 1 amu, or 1.674 x 10 -24 grams
• Neutron 1 amu or 1.675 x 10-24 grams
• Electrons 0 amu or 9.11 x 10-28 grams
• Comparatively, electrons have 1/1836 the mass of
  either the proton or neutron

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What are their electrical charges?

• Proton (positive 1)
• Electron - (negative 1)
• Neutron 0 (neutral)

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Which particles are fundamental?

• Electrons are fundamental (small as they go)
• Protons and neutrons are NOT
• These are composed of smaller particles called
  QUARKS
• what are quarks?

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HOW DO QUARKS WORK?

• PROTONS 2 UP QUARKS (2/3, 2/3)
• 1 DOWN QUARK (-1/3)
• WHAT DOES THIS ADD UP TO?
• You guessed it! 1

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How do quarks work?

• Neutrons 2 down quarks (-1/3, -1/3)
• 1 up quark ( 2/3)
• What does this add up to?
• You guessed it! 0

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WHAT FORCES ARE IN THE ATOM?

• Remember Fantastic Four

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4 Forces in the atom
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ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE

•        A force that combines the effects of
  electrical charge and magnetism. This force can
  either attract or repel the particles on which it
  acts. Oppositely charged particles attract each
  other, while like particles repel one another.  
  Electrons are kept in the orbit around the
  nucleus by the electromagnetic force, because the
  nucleus in the center of the atom is positively
  charged and attracts the negatively charged
  electrons.

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• Electromagnetic Force
• Likes-repel
• Opposites-attract
• This force keeps electrons
• In orbit
• Acts upon the proton and
• Electron.

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• STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
• PROTONS PUSH AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER BECAUSE OF THE
  REPELING ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE. A NUCLEUS
  CONTAINING TWO OR MORE PROTONS WOULD FLY APART IF
  IT WERE NOT FOR THE STRONG FORCE.
• Like glue the strong force keeps the protons
  together to form the nucleus.  The strong forces
  and electromagnetic forces both hold the atom
  together

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• STRONG FORCE
• Holds protons to the
• Neutrons in the nucleus
• Overcomes the
• electromagnectic force
• Acts on proton and neutron

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GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

• THIS FORCE ACTS ON ALL OBJECTS AT ALL TIMES. THE
  AMOUNT OF GRAVITY BETWEEN OBJECTS DEPENDS ON
  THEIR MASSES AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE
  OBJECTS. GRAVITY FORCE IS VERY SMALL WITHIN
  ATOMS BECAUSE THE PARTICLES IN ATOMS ARE SO SMALL.

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Gravitational Force

• Force that attracts the atom to the center of the
  earth.
• Very Small

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WEAK FORCE

• Weak forces are important because they are
  responsible for stabilizing particles through the
  process of radioactive decay, in which a neutron
  in the nucleus changes into a proton and an
  electron.

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WEAK FORCE

• Causes radioactive decay
• Neutrons deteriorate
• (break down into proton
• and electron.)

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PUT THE 4 FORCES IN CORRECT ORDER FROM STRONGEST
to WEAKEST
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Strong Electromagnetic Weak Gravitational
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