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Support and Movement Chapter 38

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Support and Movement Chapter 38 Skeletal system Supports and protects the body Transmits mechanical forces generated by muscles Endoskeletons Chordates (Vertebrate ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Support and Movement Chapter 38


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Support and Movement Chapter 38
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  • Skeletal system
  • Supports and protects the body
  • Transmits mechanical forces generated by muscles

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  • Endoskeletons
  • Chordates (Vertebrate)
  • Internal skeleton that can grow
  • Consists of calcium-impregnated tissue
  • Cartilage
  • Bone

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Function
  • The integrated action of joints, bones, and
    skeletal muscles produces obvious movements such
    as walking and running.
  • The main functions of the Musculoskeletal system
    are
  • Provides support and shape of the body.
  • Makes blood cells (bone marrow).
  • Stores nutrients include calcium, phosphorus and
    other minerals .
  • Movement, voluntary.
  • Protection for vital organs such as the brain,
    heart and lungs.

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Axial appendicular skeleton
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Three special types of cells
  • OSTEOCLASTS are responsible for bone resorption
    (breaking down). They come from the bone marrow.
    Break down bone
  • OSTEOBLASTS are bone forming cells. They come
    from the bone marrow. Produce bone.
  • They produce the matrix collagen other protein.
  • They control calcium and mineral deposition.
  • Found on the surface of the new bone.
  • OSTEOCYTES mature bone cells. Come from
    osteoblasts.
  • Some of the osteoblasts turn into osteocytes then
    osteocytes get surrounded by new bone.

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Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
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  • Long bone
  • Thin outer shell of compact bone
  • Inner spongy bone
  • Central cavity with bone marrow

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Typical long bone
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Structure of a Typical Long Bone
  • Parts of the long bone
  • Periosteum outside layer of white fibers(ct)
    around the bone, which is capable of producing
    fresh layer of bone.
  • Diaphysis long bone shaft.
  • Epiphysis ends between the growth plate and the
    nearest joint
  • Metaphysis in children, disk of cartilage
    between the epiphysis and the diaphysis, this is
    where most of the bone growth is taking place.
  • Bone marrow fat in a central cavity (yellow).
  • Articular cartilage joints.

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  • Endochondral bone formation
  • Long bones
  • Develop from cartilage templates
  • Intramembranous bone Development
  • Develop from a noncartilage connective tissue
    model

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Bone Growth Two Ways
  • During childhood, bones form.
  • A process stimulated by growth hormone, to
    lengthen. 
  • In adult bones continue to grow in density
    thickness.
  • 1- Intramembranous bone development
  • Flat bones develop from a non-cartilage.
  • From connective tissue.
  • E.g. skull bones.

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Endochondral bone development
  • Long bone is formed, in a process called an
    endochondral ossification, where cartilage is
    replaced by bone
  • 10 ossification center in the center of
    diaphysis there is a collar of periosteum, part
    with a bone marrow cavity within it.
  • 20 ossification center on both ends of the shaft
    there is cartilagenous discs, that cartilage
    which will later be formed into the epiphysis.

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Joints
  • The bones join together to form joints or
    articulations.
  • The end of each bone is covered by a tough,
    smooth shiny substance called cartilage.
  • The cartilage-coated bone-ends are kept apart by
    a thin film of fluid that lubricates the joints.

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