Descriptions-nouns

1
Descriptions-nouns

• el/la muchacho/a boy/girl
• el/la chico/a the boy/girl
• el/la niño/a child
• el/la bebé baby
• el/la amigo/a friend
• el/la alumno/a student
• el/la estudiante student
• el/la profesor/a teacher
• la ciudad city

2
Descriptions-noun

• el/la novio/a girlfriend/boyfriend/fiánce
• la mujer woman
• el hombre man

dos mujeres
una mujer
un hombre
dos hombres
3
Descriptions -Adjectives

• débil weak
• fuerte strong
• joven young
• viejo/a old
• tímido/a timid/shy
• tonto/a foolish/stupid
• simpático/a friendly/pleasant
• antipático/a unfriendly/mean
• fácil easy
• difícil difficult

4
Descriptions - Adjectives

• delgado(a)/flaco(a) thin/skinny
• alto/a tall
• bajo/a short
• guapo/a handsome
• bonito/a pretty
• lindo/a beautiful
• feo/a ugly
• moreno/a dark haired
• interesante interesting

5
Descriptions - Adjectives

• rubio/a blonde
• pelirojo/a red
• gordo/a fat
• gracioso/a funny
• serio/a serious
• ambicioso/a ambitious
• perezoso/a lazy
• bueno/a good
• mal bad

6
Descriptions - Adjectives

• fantástico/a fantastic
• sincero/a sincere
• honesto/a honest
• generoso/a generous
• grande large
• pequeño/a small

Los niños son bajos, morenos, y simpáticos
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Descriptions Nationality

• americano/a American
• chileno/a Chilian
• colombiano/a Columbian
• cubano/a Cuban
• mexicano/a Mexican
• puertorriqueño/a Puerto Rican
• venezolano/a Venezuelan

Note that nationalities are not capitalized in
Spanish
8
Questions?

• quién? who?
• qué? what?
• cómo? how? what?
• de dónde? from where?
• dónde? where?
• a dónde? to where?
• por qué? why?
• cuándo? when?
• cuál? which?
• cuántos/as? how many?

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Answers

• hay there are
• mucho a lot
• poco few
• mismo same
• bastante somewhat
• muy very
• de ninguna manera by no means
• sí yes
• no no

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In Spanish everything matches in number and
gender which is why adjectives can end in
either o or a or can be singular or plural.
This is also why there are four ways to say the
and a.
The basic rule is that masculine nouns go with
masculine adjectives and articles, and feminine
nouns go with feminine adjectives and articles.
La chica es seria - the girl is serious El chico
es serio the boy is serious Las chicas son
serias the girls are serious Los chicos son
serios the boys are serious
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First, determine number..is it one singular, or
is it more than oneplural?
la niña the child
dos niños two children
Second, determine the gender of the noun. Is it
masculine or feminine?
el niño the little boy
la niña the little girl
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All nouns have gender. They are either masculine
or feminine. For example, words that end in
-l, -o, -n, -e, -r, -s
are usually masculine
Words that end in.
-a, -ción, -tad, -tud, -dad
are usually feminine
The idea that nouns have gender seems perfectly
natural when the noun stands for a living
creature. This is because in English, living
creatures often have different names, depending
upon whether they are male or female.
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In Spanish the definite article (el/los, la/las
the) is your clue as to whether a noun is
masculine or feminine. Remember that because
everything must match in and gender there are
four ways to say the (masculine singular,
masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine
plural) el/los the for masculine nouns la/las
the for feminine nouns el escritorio the
desk los escritorios the desks la escuela the
school las escuelas the schools (el
become los when it is plural and la becomes
las when it is plural)
14
In Spanish the in-definite article (un/unos and
una/unas a) must also match the noun it
precedes and therefore there are four ways to say
a (masculine singular, masculine plural,
feminine singular, feminine plural) un/unos a
for masculine nouns una/unas a for feminine
nouns un escritorio the desk unos escritorios
the desks una escuela the school unas
escuelas the schools (un becomes unos
when it is plural and una becomes unas when
it is plural)
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• When you learn a new noun, you should also learn
  its definite article (el, la, remember that they
  will change for plural nouns to los, las) There
  are several reasons for this
• You cannot predict the gender of most nouns.One
  cannot predict the gender of a noun, except in
  the case of living creatures. Do not try to
  analyze the nature of the object, looking for
  some inherent masculinity or femininity. It won't
  work! Gender of nouns is determined by the root
  of the word only.
• Not every noun that ends in -o is masculine, and
  not every noun that ends in -a is feminine.
  (el mapa the map is actually masculine)
• Many nouns end in letters other than -o or -a.
• The definite article (el, la) is your clue as to
  whether a noun is masculine or feminine. (el
  mapa, la foto, el día, el agua)

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Now give it a tryfill in with the correct form
of the
el
los
libros books
libro book
la
las
casa house
casas houses
los
el
abuelo - grandfather
abuelos - grandfathers
las
la
abuela - grandmother
abuelas - grandmothers
las
la
ciudades - cities
ciudad - city
los
el
vestidos - dresses
vestido - dress
la
las
universidades - universities
universidad - university
17
Now give it a tryfill in with the correct form
of a
un
unos
libros books
libro book
una
unas
casa house
casas houses
unos
un
abuelo - grandfather
abuelos - grandfathers
unas
una
abuela - grandmother
abuelas - grandmothers
unas
una
ciudades - cities
ciudad - city
unos
un
vestidos - dresses
vestido - dress
una
unas
universidades - universities
universidad - university
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In Spanish. Everything must match in number and
gender. The adjectives (descriptions) must match
the noun they modify.Use the verb ser or to
be to describe things.

• La chica es bonita
• The girl is pretty
• El chico es guapo
• The boy is handsome
• Las chicas son bonitas
• The girls are pretty
• Los chicos son guapos
• The boys are handsome

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First, you must know the subjects, or people or
things who can complete the action of the verb
I we
you you all
he, she, it they

• In English, there are 8 different subjects who
  can complete the action of a verb. For example,
  the verb to be would conjugate as
• I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you all are,
  they are
• Now, try this with any verb, to speak for
  example
• I speak, you speak, he/she/it speaks, we speak,
  you all speak, they speak

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In Spanish, the subject pronouns are as follows
I yo we nosotros (boys and girls mixed) nosotras (girls only)
you (friendly) tú (see below for you all)
he él she ella you (respectful) usted they ellos (boys and girls mixed) ellas (girls only) you all (friendly/respectful) ustedes
Note, there are two way to say you the
friendly form (tú) and the respectful form
usted. However, there is only one way to say
you all (either to a group of friends or
showing respect, as if speaking to members of the
senate), which is ustedes
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Yo soy simpático I am friendly. La chica es
bonita The girl is pretty.
ser to be
soy - I am
somos we are
eres you are
es he, she, it is, you (formal) are
son they, you all are
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Now you try.
The girls are pretty.
Las chicas son bonitas.
The man is old
El hombre es viejo.
I am friendly.
Yo soy simpático.
You are honest (to a female friend)
Tú eres honesta.
We are students.
Nosotros somos estudiantes.
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Cómo es el hombre?
El hombre es guapo.
El hombre es delgado.
El hombre es alto.
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Cómo es la mujer?
La mujer es bonita.
La mujer es peliroja.
La mujer es simpática.
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Cómo son los niños?
Los niños son pelirojos.
Los niños son bajos.
Los niños son jovenes.
(Ellos son los hijos de tu profesora. Son
preciosos, No?)
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Cómo es la ciudad de Madrid?
Es una ciudad muy linda. Es grande y es
española.
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