????(Proper Nouns)

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??
????(Proper Nouns)
?????(Uncountable Nouns)
????(Abstract Nouns)
????(Material Nouns)
???? (Common Nouns)
????(Collective Nouns)
????(Countable Nouns)
????(Individual Nouns)
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Proper Nouns ??????????????????
EgDiana Beijing AmericansEnglish May New
Years Day
???????????????
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Common Nouns ???????????????
1?Individual Nouns ??????????????
??????????Eg aunts a panda apartments
????????Eg a year fairy tales a dream
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2. Collective Nouns ???????????
Eg army audience crew family team police
government public
???????????,???????????,?????????,????????????
Eg His family isnt large.
Cf His family are all music lovers.
??????,??????????????,??????
Eg The audience was (were) excited by the show.
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??????????????
Eg The gang is being hunted by the police.
Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.
??????????????
Eg The police are looking for him.
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3. Material Nouns ???????????
Eg beer cake cloth cotton fur ice paint
paper soil
????,?????????,?????????????????
1)?????????????,??????????
Eg Two strong black coffees, please. ( ??)
Three beers, please. (??)
It was a special tea. (??)
2)?????????????????????
Eg rains (??)snows (??)waters(??)
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4.Abstract Nouns ??????????
Eg education love policy trust nature
fashion belief silence truth,etc.
?????,???????????,???????
Eg Hes learning French for fun.
I wish you good luck.
?????????
He works hard for the welfare of the poor.
After a brief peace, war broke out again.
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???????????????????
glass ( ?? ) copper ( ? ) tin ( ? ) paper ( ?
) iron (? ) wood ( ?? ) gold (?? ) youth (??
) power ( ?? ) beauty ( ? ) pleasure( ??
) relation(??)
a glass ( ??? ) a copper ( ??/? ) a tin ( ??,??
) a paper ( ??,??,?? ) an iron (?? ) a wood ( ??
) a gold (?? ) a youth (??? ) a power ( ?? ) a
beauty ( ??,???? ) a pleasure( ???????? ) a
relation(??)
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????????,????,??????
poetry(???? ) machinery(???? ) work(??
) laughter(?? ) permission(?? ) clothing(????
) luggage, baggage(?? ) bread(?? ) hair( ??)
a poem(??? ) a machine(???? ) a job(???? ) a
laugh(???? ) a permit(??? ) a garment (???? ) a
bag(case) (???? ) a loaf (???? ) a hair(???? )
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????
??
??
??
????
brothersschools
?-s
?s,x,ch,sh,????
?-es
buseswatchesdishes1
???y????
?y?-ies
ladiescountries2
heroes tomatoes3
???o ????
???-es
?f?fe????
?f/fe??ves
halves leaves4
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Notes
1stomach
stomachs (ch?/k/?)
2???y??????y?????,??????-s. Egboys toys
Germanys Henrys
3 ???o eg videos studios ?oo?? eg
zoos bambooskangaroos ?????(?????????)egpianos
????? eg kilos photos memos ?????? eg
Eskimos Filipinos
??????-s.
4?f/fe????-s?? proofsgulfs cliffs roofs
serfs(??) beliefschiefs
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?????
1.man
Eg woman women chairman-chairmen
men
2.oo
ee
Egfoot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese
3.en
Egchild-children ox-oxen
4.ouse
ice
Eg mouse-mice louse-lice(??)
?????????????
Eg analysis-analyses basis-bases
thesis-theses crisis-crises
criterion-criteria phenomenon-phenomena
medium-media
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????????
sheep deer means fish works species
ChineseJapanese ?????????????????????? Eg
yuan,jiao,fen, jin, mu
?????????
1.??-s egfilm-goers forget-me-nots
2.??????????lookers-on editors-in-chiefsons-in
-law 3.???????????women doctors men cooks
?????????????man?woman
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1.6 ?????????? ?? ??(?????) ??? ??? ???
the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese??? the
Swiss a Swiss two Swiss?????the Australians
an Australian two Australians ??? the
Russians a Russian two Russians???? the
Italians an Italian two Italians??? the Greek
a Greek two Greeks??? the French a
Frenchman two Frenchmen??? the Japanese a
Japanese two Japanese??? the Americans an
American two Americans??? the Indians an
Indian two Indians???? the Canadians a
Canadian two Canadians??? the Germans a
Germans two Germans??? the English an
Englishman two Englishmen??? the Swedish a
Swede two Swedes
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?????(The Possessive Case of Nouns)
some patterns

1. Ill take the risk for friendships sake.
2. She was at her wits end.
3. Now they could sing at their hearts content.
4. We should get the children out of harms way.
5. We had best keep them at arms length.
6. For goodness sake,stop arguing.
7. Jane got the moneys worth out of the coat.

(????)
(????)
(???)
(????)
(????)
(???????)
(???)
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????
1?????????(????????)
2???????(??????,?????.Egpeoplepolice)
(??????,?????.Eg
newseconomics)
3.???? eitheror neithernor not onlybut also
4. ????????? 1)???????????,???????,???
2)??????????,????????Egmeans,species
3)????all, most, half, rest?,???????????????,?????
??????,??????
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4)???and???????,?????,?????? ???,?????Eg A
knife and fork is on the table.
5)?????,??????????????????????Eg ours, yours
such, the same who, that, which any, either,
neither,(?????,????) none, all, some, more,
6)??,??,half of, part of ???,?????????
7)what ????????????????????????,??????
8)????,??????????
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5? ?????????
1)??????????????(???,??,???)????Eg The doctors,
my uncles, the bakers
2) ????????????????????????Eg three years The
selected poems of Li Bai
3) each, every, no ?????,???and ?????? Eg each
boy and each girl every man and woman
4) ???more than one many a
5) a kind of a pair of a series of
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6) This kind of
7) The number of
8) A great deal of a large amount of un
9) One and a half ?????? eg One and a half
bananas is left on the table.
10) The departed (??)??????
11) the only one of ?????????????????????
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6??????????
1)police,peoplecattle militia(??)????
2)???????????(???????)eg glasses chopsticks
3)these kind of men(??) men of this kind ???
4) bothand. ????
5) A number of large quantities of large
amounts of????
6) the ??????,?????
7) one of the??????????,???????????
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Assignment
1. Try to learn these words by heart (??????????)
scissors?? pants??
contents?? compasses??? cords????
arms?? earphones??
pyjamas??? ashes?? scales??
overalls??? tropics?? spectacles??
braces?? stairs?? nail-clippers??? slacks???
brains?? belongings??? savings?? tidings?? doing
s?? writings?? findings????