The Scope of Biology

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The Scope of Biology

• Chapter One

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Biology explores life at many levels
All parts of the planet that are living
A community of living things along with
non-living environment
Individual living things
Functioning units that make up living things
Molecule of inheritance that contains the
instructions the cell needs to make other
molecules
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Biology explore life in diverse forms

• How many ways can we classify these animals?

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• In Biology, the 1.5 million identified species of
  life have been classified into groups based on
  evolutionary relatedness and physical
  characteristics
• The broadest category is a DOMAIN
• Archaea \ Both are Prokaryotic (without
• Bacteria / nuclei) and Unicellular
• Eukarya Eukaryotic (DNA inside nuclei)
• Unicellular ? Protista
• Multicellular ? Fungi, Plantae,
• and Animalia

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Linnaean Classification Groups

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• Kings Play Chess On Fat Green Stools

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Themes or characteristics that unify the study of
life

• The Cellular Basis of Life
• All living things are made of cells
• Multicellular organisms depend on the function
  and interaction of many specialized cells for
  survival and development
• Growth and Development
• Living things grow by cell division
• Form-fits-Function theme

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• Reproduction and Inheritance
• All living things contain DNA. DNA is contained
  in genes.
• All living things must pass on their genes
  through reproduction to survive as a species
• Interaction with the Environment
• Living things respond to stimuli
• Examples Light, motion, temperature, touch,
  precipitation
• Energy and Life
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS Plants use suns energy plus CO2
  and H2O to make food
• We call them PRODUCERS because they produce the
  food that an ecosystem depends on
• CONSUMERS have to eat their food (or energy)

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• Regulation
• All living things have to regulate their internal
  environment
• They maintain a steady-state or homeostasis
• Adaptation and Evolution
• Collectively as a group, all living things change
  over time. This is called
• EVOLUTION
• Species or populations evolve by a process called
  natural selection
• Adaptations enable some organisms to survive
  better than others