C17' 3 Triumph of Parliament in England

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C17. 3 Triumph of Parliament in England
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• Setting the Scene
• "The most high and absolute power in the realm
  consists in the Parliament," wrote an English
  statesman in the 1560s. He was voicing a
  tradition that had roots in the Middle Ages. But
  in 1603, a monarch with far different ideas took
  the throne of England. "Kings are called gods,"
  declared James I, "because they sit upon God's
  throne on Earth." Before long, James was on a
  collision course with Parliament.
• In the 1600s, while Louis XIV perfected royal
  absolutism in France, England developed in a
  different direction. In this section, we will
  look at why and how Parliament asserted itself
  against royal power.

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I. The Tudors and Parliament

• 1485 - 1603, the Tudor dynasty ruled England.
  Divine right monarchs but recognized the value of
  Parliament

Henry VII Henry VIII Elizabeth I
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II. The Early Stuarts

• 1603 - Elizabeth died without an heir the throne
  passed to the Scottish Stuarts, resulting in a
  "century of revolution"

The Tomb of Elizabeth I at Westminster Abbey
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A. The Royal Challenge

• Stuart monarch James I agreed to rule by English
  laws and customs, but also believed in divine
  right

James VI and I (1566 1625) was King of Scots as
James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland
as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from
1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding
his mother Mary, Queen of Scots. Regents governed
until 1578, though he did not gain full control
of his government until 1581. On 24 March 1603,
as James I, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch,
Elizabeth I. He then ruled England, Scotland and
Ireland for 22 years, until his death at the age
of 58.
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A. The Royal Challenge

• Facing opposition over funding and foreign
  policy, James dissolved Parliament in 1610

Queen Elizabeth I presiding over Parliament
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A. The Royal Challenge

• James disputed with dissenters, such as the
  Puritans, who wanted to "purify" the Anglican
  church

THE PURITANS - Edgar Bundy, 1897
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A. The Royal Challenge

• James called for a new translation of the Bible,
  resulting in the King James Version

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B. Parliament Responds

• 1625 - Charles I became king. Parliament forced
  him to sign the Petition of Right - Charles
  dissolved Parliament in 1629

King Charles I (1600-1649)
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B. Parliament Responds

• The Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, tried
  to enforce strict Anglican rules - many felt he
  was trying to revive Catholic practices

William Laud, (1573-1645)
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B. Parliament Responds

• 1640 - Calvinist Scots revolted Charles summoned
  Parliament to vote on funding - the Long
  Parliament lasted until 1653

Cromwell dissolves the Long parliament - April
20, 1653
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III. The English Civil War

• When Parliament executed his chief ministers,
  Charles fought back and civil war ensued

Roundhead against Cavalier cartoon
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A. Cavaliers and Roundheads

• Supporters of Charles I were wealthy nobles known
  as Cavaliers

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A. Cavaliers and Roundheads

• The forces of the Parliament, led by Oliver
  Cromwell, were called Roundheads

Oliver Cromwell, "warts and all," by Pieter van
der Faes
Roundhead Re-enactors
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B. Execution of a King

• The Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers -Charles I
  was captured, tried, and executed in January, 1649

Execution of Charles I, January 30, 1649
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IV. The Commonwealth

• Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector and
  abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and
  the Church of England

Cromwell refusing the crown of England
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A. Puritan Society

• Puritan preachers tried to root out godlessness
  and impose a "rule of saints"

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B. End of the Commonwealth

• 1658 - Oliver Cromwell died 1660, a new
  Parliament put Charles II on the throne

Charles II (1630-1685) King of England, Scotland,
and Ireland from 1660 to 1685
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V. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution

• Charles II believed in absolute monarchy and
  secretly had Catholic sympathies

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V. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution

• 1685 - Charles's brother, James II, inherited the
  throne many feared that he would restore the
  Catholic Church

James II (1633 1701) King of England, King of
Scots, and King of Ireland from 1685 to 1688
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A. A New Clash With Parliament

• 1688 - Parliament asked James's Protestant
  daughter Mary and her husband, William III of
  Orange, to become rulers of England

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A. A New Clash With Parliament

• When William and Mary landed with their army,
  James II fled to France - the Glorious
  Revolution

Offer of the Crown to William and Mary
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B. English Bill of Rights

• William and Mary had to accept the English Bill
  of Rights, which ensured the superiority of
  Parliament over the monarchy

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B. English Bill of Rights

• The Toleration Act of 1689 granted limited
  religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other
  dissenters, but not Catholics