AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1

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AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1

• NEW WORLD BEGINNINGS

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12 Bering Land Bridge

• 35,000 years ago, a land bridge connected Siberia
  (Asia) and Alaska (North America)
• As glaciers melted, the land bridge got covered
  by water again

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What do these pictures tell you about the
evolution of Native American societies?
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3. IncasPeru, AztecsMexico, MayasCentral
America
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4. Some Native American tribes in what is now
the United States

• Iroquois
• Anasazi
• Navajo
• Cherokee
• Nez Perce
• Potawatomi
• Apache
• Sioux

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Questions 5 and 6

• Location of mounds in Illinois Cahokia

• Closest to building a large civilization in North
  America Iroquois

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7. Native American view of land

• Reverence for the natural world
• No extensive manipulation of nature
• Land is not owned by individuals

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8. Vikings from Scandinavia came to the New
World first, but did not establish permanent
settlements because no strong nation-state backed
them financially
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9 10. Portuguese were other early explorers

• Got gold and slaves from Africa

• Set up sugar plantations in Madeira and Canary
  Islands off the coast of Africa

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11. What contributed to discovery of the New
World

• Crusadersbrought back spices, silk, porcelain
  and other goods

• Spice Islandssource of all these wonderful
  things Europeans now craved

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Muslim middle mencharged higher and higher
prices for goods as those goods moved westward
toward Europe
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Renaissance

• Humanistic revival of classical art,
  architecture, literature, and learning that
  started in Italy in the 14th century and spread
  throughout Europe.
• It encouraged people to learn more about the
  world.

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New inventions

• Caraveltype of boat with triangular sails and a
  rudder, which helped make steering easier
• Compassmagnetic needle let you know in what
  direction you were headed
• Printing press allowed for knowledge to spread
  via printed maps and first-hand accounts of other
  peoples travels

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People read about Marco Polos travels to China
and other parts of Asia
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Rise of nation-states

• England
• France
• Portugal
• Spain
• Competition for new territory, power, glory,
  wealth

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12 Columbian Exchangesome things that arrived
in Europe

• Tomato
• Potato
• Turkeys
• Tobacco
• Chocolate
• Corn
• Peanuts
• Syphilis

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13 Columbian Exchangesome things that arrived
in America

• Cow
• Horse
• Pig
• Chicken
• Rice
• Coffee
• Sugarcane
• Smallpox

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14. Some positive effects of the Columbian
Exchange

• Natives got new tools, animals and trade goods
  for examplehorses could now be used to hunt
  buffalo on the Great Plains (could also be viewed
  as a bad thing)
• Europeans got lots of great food sources that
  would help make the population grow

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15. Some negative effects of the Columbian
Exchange

• Some bad things spread, too, such as diseases
  about 90 of the Native population got wiped out
  as a result
• Paved the way for conquistadores and the growth
  of slavery

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16. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

• Catholic Church divided South America between
  Spain and Portugal
• What is now Brazil was in the Portuguese section

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17. Discoverers and conquistadores.YAHOOO!

• Balboawas the first European to see the Pacific
  Ocean
• Magellanhis men circumnavigated the globe (went
  around the Earth)

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And they kept coming.

• Ponce de Leonexplored Florida searching for gold
  (and the Fountain of Youth)

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And coming.

• Coronadosaw the Grand Canyon
• De Sotosaw the Mississippi River

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Some conquered great civilizations

• Pizarroconquered the Incas
• Cortezconquered the Aztecs
• (18) the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is now
  Mexico City
• their leader was Montezuma (Moctezuma)

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19. Spanish settlement

• Encomienda system gave Indians to Spanish lords
  in exchange for them trying to Christianize the
  Indians
• Harsh system criticized by Bartolome de las Casas

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20. Three Gs of the Conquistadores

• GOLD
• GOD
• GLORY

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21. First Spanish-American settlement in North
America

• St. Augustine in what is now Florida
• Established in 1565
• Oldest continuous EUROPEAN settlement in North
  America

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22. Characteristics of Spanish settlement

• Brought Catholic religion and Spanish language
  tried to convert Natives
• Set up over 150 missions
• Set up encomiendas, haciendas
• Universities and major towns (Santa Fe, San
  Diego, San Antonio, Mexico City, etc.)
• Intermarried with natives, creating a mestizo
  population

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