Absolutism of Western Europe Chapter 13

1
Absolutism of Western EuropeChapter 13
2
Witchcraft

• Throughout Europe
• 100,000 Prosecuted
• Mostly Poor
• Sell ointments, herbs
• Women-scum of humanity
• Result of Th. Yr. War
• Toleration
• Education

3
Absolute?

• Sovereign power (ultimate authority) rests with a
  monarch claiming divine right
• Sovereignty -power to
• make laws
• tax
• administer justice
• control foreign policy

4
Divine Right

• Bishop Jacques Bossuet (1627-1704)
• God established kings to control all people
• Responsible to no one but God

5
Absolutism in France

• Cardinal Richelieu
• Louis XIII chief advisor 1624 1642
• Eliminates the Huguenots power

6
Richelieu

• Get rid of nobles
• Developed network of spies to uncover noble plots

7
Intendants

• Royal officials -enforce govt policy
• Collect taxes
• Successful increase power of the crown
• Tax system -corrupt
• Wealthy-get rich
• France-Debt begins to mount under Richelieu

8
Cardinal Mazarin

• Regent (advisor) to young Louis XIV, 1642 1661
• Followed in Richelieu footsteps
• Most important event

9
The Fronde (Revolution) 1648-1652

• Nobles resent the monarchy
• Tired of taxes
• Thirty Years War
• Get rid of Mazarin
• Here come Louis XIV

10
Louis XIV (r.1643 -1715)

• Set standard for Absolute monarchs
• He got involved in the day-to-day activities of
  the court

11
Administration of Government

• Louis controls details
• Keep your friends close and your enemies even
  closer.
• keeps policy-makers close-
• input on big issues
• war, religion, taxes
• Let local authorities control small things

12
Religious policy

• Louis Catholic
• One king, one law, one faith
• October 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau
• Revokes the Edict of Nantes
• destroys Protestant schools and churches
• Many skilled artisans leave France hurts economy

13
Financial Issues

• Big issue for Louis Versailles, many wars
• Jean-Baptiste Colbert Finance Minister
• Follows the ideas of mercantilism

14
Mercantilism

• Government regulation of the economy
• Decrease imports
• increase exports
• Colbert -increase the quantity and quality of
  French manufactured goods

15

• Not sure how much these policies helped
• Regulations evaded
• High tariffs lead to retaliation by other
  countries
• More money More Louis spent

16
Versailles-Kings Palace

• Symbol of power
• Residence for the king
• Office
• Home for Royal officials
• Keeps everyone close to him
• Symbolism-big for Louis
• Nobles do very demeaning task
• Access to power
• Keeps them busy-he runs things

17
Louis XIVs Wars

• Louis studies history wants military glory
• France develop a huge army
• 100,000 in peace
• 400,000 during wars
• Louis obsessed with military

18
War 1 2

• 1667 Louis invades Spanish Netherlands
• SN with English and Swedes defeat Louis
• War 2 Dutch War 1672
• Louis attacks Netherlands
• Louis gains little

19
War 3 War of the League of Augsburg 1689 -1697

• L. of A. alliance btw Spain, Sweden, England
• Pointless war
• economic disaster in France
• Louis gives up most of his lands in Germany

20
War 4 War of Spanish Succession 1702-1713

• Spanish ruler leaves his throne to Louiss
  grandson Philip V
• Many afraid that Spain and France would unite
• maintain a balance of power
• England, Austria, vs. France and Spain
• War fought in Europe and U.S. colonies

21

• Louis is defeated
• Treaty of Utrecht 1713
• Philip V -king of Spain
• Only if France and Spain remain separate
• Big winner England
• French land in Canada
• British Columbia

22

• Louis dies two years later
• Try to remain at peace with your neighbors. I
  loved war to much. Do not follow me in that or
  overspending. Take advice in everythingLighten
  your peoples burden.

23
LOUIS SUCC.

• HARD WORK-FOCUSED
• INTENDANTS
• MINISTERS- COLBERT
• BUILDING PROJECTS
• ROADS
• CANALS
• REFORM
• MILITARY

24
FAILURES

• LOVED HIS BLING
• REIGNED TO LONG 60 YRS
• UPSET NOBLES-GOT THEM MAD
• TOOK BACK EDICT OF NANTES
• NO EXIT PLAN
• LOUIX XV-WEAK
• TAX PROBLEMS

25
Constitutionalism in England

• Elizabeth I dies 1603 no heir
• End of House of Tudor start of House of Stuart
• James I (1603-1625) takes over Scottish
• Firmly believes in divine right

26
James I speech to the House of Commons

• I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be
  permitted such an institution to come into
  existence. I am a stranger, and found it here
  when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up
  with what I cannot get rid of!

27

• James knew nothing of the English traditions and
  laws
• Not well liked

28
Religious Policy

• Puritans wanted James I to change Church of
  England
• Current Episcopal bishops hold power
• Reform Presbyterian ministers, elders have
  power
• James I refuses large political power source
• Angers much of the gentry well to do land
  owners

29
Charles I (r. 1625-1649)

• 1628 Petition of Right
• No taxation without Parl. consent
• Charles accepts
• then reneges
• he cannot work with Parliament
• refuses to call for them to meet-1629 - 1640

30
Charles becomes hated

• Charles must collect taxes
• He marries a Catholic
• Tries to make the Scots Anglican (English)
• Scots rise up
• Charles cant afford to fight back
• Must call Parliament

31
Long Parliament 1640-1660

• Severe limitations on royal authority
• Triennial Act Parliament to meet every three
  years, with or without kings consent
• Radical groups want change
• Charles has them arrested
• Leads to

32
English Civil War 1642 - 1649
Royalists(Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians (Roundheads)

• House of Lords
• N W England
• Aristocracy
• Large landowners
• Church officials
• More rural, less prosperous

• House of Commons
• S E England
• Puritans
• Merchants
• Townspeople
• More urban , more prosperous

33
Roundhead Leader

• Oliver Cromwell
• Puritans small-powerful
• Lead the army
• Inspired by sermons, prayers and psalms
• Became unbeatable

34
King Charles I captured

• During trial Charles plots his return to power
• Found Guilty
• Off with his head!

35
(No Transcript)
36
Cromwells New Governments

• Commonwealth (1649 1653) Cromwell has power
• House of Commons
• Cromwell crushes uprisings in Ireland and
  Scotland
• Radical groups want
• freedom of speech
• religious toleration
• universal manhood suffrage
• Cromwell destroys them

37
Cromwell in Ireland
38
The Protectorate

• Cromwell became Lord Protector (executive)
• Dissolves Parliament and institutes military rule
• Cromwell dies 1658
• Military cannot hold the country together

39
The Restoration

• Charles II (r. 1660 -1685) is invited back
• I never knew I was so popular in England
• Charles II tries to regain power of the monarchy
• Stifled by Parliament

40
Political Groups

• Two main groups develop
• Whigs those who support Parliament
• Tories those who support the king

41
James II (r. 1685 1688)

• He a Catholic!!! Oh no!!!
• Starts putting Catholics in very high positions
• At first many did not worry because he was old
• Then he has a son

42
1688

• A group of nobles finds Jamess daughter Mary and
  her husband William
• They are asked to invade England
• James II quickly flees almost no bloodshed
• Glorious Revolution
• Destroys the idea of divine right people must
  participate

43
English Bill of Rights - 1689

• Parliament makes the laws and levys taxes
• Standing armies only with Parliaments OK
• Right to petition the govt
• Right to bear arms
• Right to trial by jury
• No excessive bail

44

• 1689 Toleration Act
• Religious freedom except for Catholics