PHOTOSYNTHESIS or Autotrophic Nutrition

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PHOTOSYNTHESISor Autotrophic Nutrition
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• What does a plant need to survive?
• _________________
• _________________
• _________________
• _________________
• Which of the above is organic?____________

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
  convert inorganic molecules into organic
  molecules.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
  convert light energy into chemical bond energy.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
  convert sunlight into glucose.

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Electron Micrograph of a chloroplast

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Formula for photosynthesis

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The leaf
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Occurs in two phases
• Light Phase
• Occurs in the GRANA in the chloroplasts
• Dark Phase
• Occurs in the STROMA in the chloroplasts

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Light Phase/Reaction

• Occurs only in the presence of light
• Also called Photolysis
• Sunlight splits water into hydrogen and oxygen
• Also called Light Dependent Reaction

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Light Phase/Reaction

• Drawing of Photolysis

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Dark Phase/Reaction

• In order for the DARK PHASE to occur, HYDROGEN
  has to be carried from the LIGHT PHASE to the
  DARK PHASE.
• This carrier molecule is called NADP.
• When NADP is carrying hydrogen, it is NADPH.

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Dark Phase/Reaction

• Also called Light Independent Reaction
• Also called Carbon Fixation.
• In this phase, CARBON DIOXIDE from the atmosphere
  combines with HYDROGEN from the light reaction to
  form GLUCOSE.
• ATP is diffused from the grana into the stroma
  for the dark reaction.

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Carbon Fixation

• Formula and drawing of Dark Reaction
• CO2 H2 ? 2 PGAL ? glucose

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Factors Effecting Photosynthesis

• Temperature
• Light Intensity
• Availability of Water
• Elevation

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Graphs for Photosynthesis
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

• Occurs in plants AND animals.
• Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA and CYTOPLASM.

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

• The process by which energy in food molecules
  (glucose) is converted to a form that can be used
  by the cells (ATP).
• Can be AEROBIC (uses O2) or ANAEROBIC (does NOT
  use O2)

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CELL RESPIRATION

• Picture

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

• ATP
• Adenosine Tri-Phosphate ENERGY
• Comes from chemical bonds breaking
• The more bonds broken, the more energy made.
• Energy is stored in high energy phosphate bonds.

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• Occurs in the CYTOPLASM
• Makes energy WITHOUT using oxygen.
• Glucose is partially broken down.
• Also called GLYCOLYSIS or FERMENTATION.
• Produces
• Ethyl Alcohol ( in yeast)
• Lactic Acid (in bacteria or human muscle cells).

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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• Pyruvic Acid
• produced by the breakdown of sugars during
  GLYCOLYSIS

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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• Formula

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AEROBIC RESPIRATION

• Making ATP USING oxygen.
• Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA
• More energy efficient than anaerobic respiration
  (releases more energy).
• Bonds in glucose are completely broken down.

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AEROBIC RESPIRATION

• Formula
• C6H12O6 2ATP ? Pyruvate ? CO2 H2O 38 ATP
• O2

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Steps of Aerobic Respiration

• 1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic Respiration)
• Makes pyruvic acid, which is then broken down
• Produces 4 ATP (gross)

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Steps of Aerobic Respiration

• 2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
• Produces citric acid, which is then broken down
• Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down,
  releasing CO2

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Steps of Aerobic Respiration

• 3. Electron Transport Chain
• Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so glucose
  bonds can be FULLY broken down.
• Releases H2O

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AEROBIC RESPIRATION
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Lactic acid
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS