Carbohydrates

1
Carbohydrates
2
Carbohydrates
__________________________
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Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, O
• carbo - hydr - ate
• CH2O
• (CH2O)x C6H12O6
• Function
• ____________ u ____________
• ____________ u ____________
• Monomer sugars
• ex sugars, starches, cellulose

C6H12O6
(CH2O)x
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Sugars

• Most names for sugars end in _________
• Classified by number of carbons
• 6C hexose (glucose)
• 5C pentose (ribose)
• 3C triose (glyceraldehyde)

6
5
3
5
Functional groups determine function
carbonyl
_________
carbonyl
_________
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Sugar structure

• 5C 6C sugars form rings in solution

Where do you find solutionsin biology? In cells!
Carbons are numbered
7
Numbered carbons
C
C
O
C
C
C
C
energy stored in C-C bonds
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Simple complex sugars

• ____________________
• _______________________
• _______________________
• ____________________
• _______________________
• _______________________
• ____________________
• _______________________
• _______________________

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Building sugars

• Dehydration synthesis

monosaccharides
disaccharide
glucose
glucose
maltose
________________
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Building sugars

• Dehydration synthesis

monosaccharides
disaccharide
fructose
glucose
sucrose (table sugar)
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Polysaccharides

• Polymers of sugars
• costs little energy to build
• easily reversible release energy
• Function
• ___________________
• ______________________
• ______________________
• in liver muscles
• ___________________
• ______________________
• ______________________

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Linear vs. branched polysaccharides
slow release
__________ __________
What doesbranching do?
energystorage
__________ __________
fast release
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Polysaccharide diversity

• Molecular structure determines function

in starch
in cellulose

• isomers of glucose
• structure determines function

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Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
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Cellulose

• Most abundant organic compound on Earth
• herbivores have evolved a mechanism to digest
  cellulose
• most carnivores have not
• thats why they eat meat to get their energy
  nutrients
• _____________________________

But it tasteslike hay!Who can liveon this
stuff?!
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• Cow
• can digest cellulose well no need to eat other
  sugars
• Gorilla
• cant digest cellulose well must add another
  sugar source, like fruit to diet

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Helpful bacteria

• How can herbivores digest cellulose so well?
• BACTERIA live in their digestive systems help
  digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals

Caprophage
Tell me aboutthe rabbits,again, George!
I eatWHAT!
Ruminants
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EAT
X

• Lets build some
• Carbohydrates!