Lecture On Rome

1
Lecture On Rome

• Slides 1.1A-1.1E

2
Slide 1.1A Romes Beginnings Romulus and Remus

• Mythical version
• Trojan prince Aeneas discovers Latin while
  looking for promised land.
• Romulus and Remus, sons of Latin princess and god
  Mars, abandoned
• Romulus and Remus cared for by she-wolf,
  discovered by shepherd and wife.
• Romulus kills Remus becomes first king of Rome.

3
(No Transcript)
4
Slide 1.1A continued

• Historical version
• Latins settled on Palatine, a fertile area with
  pleasant climate, around 1200 B.C.
• Etruscans (people of the sea) of Etruria ruled
  Rome (Latins) for 200 years.
• Romans overthrew Etruscan leaders and set up a
  Republic in 509 B.C.

5
Slide 1.1 B The Expansion of the Roman Republic
The Battle of Zama

• Romans conquered and controlled all of Italy by
  275 B.C.
• City-state Carthage ruled much of North Africa,
  Spain, and Sicily
• Roman conflict with Carthage started the Punic
  Wars.
• Romans fought Carthaginians for control of
  Mediterranean Sea.

6
(No Transcript)
7
Slide 1.1B continued

• Hannibal defeated at Zama Carthage lost all its
  territories to Rome
• By 146 B.C. Rome was the leading power of the
  Mediterranean.

8
Slide 1.1C The final Years of the Roman
Republic Julius Caesar

• Romes conquests caused changes in economy and
  government
• Large estates replaced small farms cities became
  crowded
• Attempts were made to improve conditions in Rome
• Gracchi brothers gave land and wheat to poor.

9
Slide 1.1C continued

• General Mariusa gave power to the army
• General Sulla gave more power to the Senate
• Julius Caesar built up army and took power
• Conquered Britain, Libya, Egypt, Cyrenaica,
  Numidia, Syria, Asia Minor
• Caesar assassinated by those who opposed his
  dictatorship

10
(No Transcript)
11
Slide 1.1D The Roman Empire Cleopatras Death

• After Caesars death, power shared by Marc
  Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian
• Civil war broke out between Antony and Cleopatra
  and Octavian
• Octavian won naval victory at Actium in 31. B.C.

12
Slide 1.1D Continued

• When Antony was defeated and Egypt was made a
  roman province, he and Cleopatra committed
  suicide to avoid being paraded through Rome as
  captives.
• Octavian became absolute ruler of Rome He was
  given the title Augustus(honored).

13
Slide 1.1D Continued

• As Romes first citizen Augustus ended the
  expansion of the empire at its defensible
  boundaries English channel Rhine, Danube, and
  Euphrates rivers And Sahara desert.
• Augustus introduced the Pax Romana a time of
  peace and unity for the empire

14
Slide 1.1E The Roman Empire Gladiatorial Games

• Augustus successors accepted his defensive
  foreign policies
• Trajan, Romes last great conqueror, established
  new provinces in Dacia, Armenia, Assyria, and
  Mesopotamia
• Empire reached its greatest height under Trajan
  in A.D. 117

15
Slide 1.1 E Continued

• Five Good Emperors ruled Rome between A.D. 96 and
  A.D. 186
• After A.D. 186 civil wars broke out in the Empire
  and emperors lost control
• Romes size was difficult to manage Dicoletian
  divided it in two

16
Slide 1.1 E Continued

• Barbarians attacked the empire from many sides
• Internally, gladiatorial games were one sign of
  Romes decline.