Slavery

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Slavery the West

• Chapter 12,Section 2
• The American Journey, Glencoe

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Questions for the Nation

• Should slavery be permitted to spread to the
  West?
• Should slavery be abolished throughout the
  nation?
• For awhile northerners southerners settled
  their differences through compromises.
• Later, violence became more and more common.

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Question of Seccession

• In 1820, Thomas Jefferson, now in his 70s,
  feared that the issue of slavery would tear the
  North South apart.
• Abraham Lincoln
• Member of the anti-slavery Republican Party
• Elected President in 1860
• Southern states withdraw from Union
• North South prepare for war

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Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Missouri asked to join the Union as a slave state
• This would upset the balance of power in the
  Senate and give the South a majority.
• Senator Henry Clay proposed Maine enter as a free
  state to balance out Missouri entering as a slave
  state Missouri Compromise
• Kept the number of slave free states equal
• Mason Dixon Line, latitude 36, 30 N slavery
  permitted in Louisiana Purchase south of that
  line and banned north of the line

Henry Clay Author of the Missouri Compromise
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Missouri Compromise
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Wilmot Proviso

• Northerners afraid of slavery extending into the
  West
• David Wilmot
• Pennsylvania Congressman
• Called for a law to ban slavery in any of the
  territory won from Mexico (war in 1848)
• Southerners were against Wilmot Proviso
• Stated that Congress had no right to ban slavery
  in western territories
• 1846, Result passed in House defeated in
  Senate
• Question about slavery in the West continued

Letters against the Wilmont Proviso
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Opposing Views

• Sectionalism strengthened by Mexican American-War
• Sectionalism loyalty to a state or section
  rather than to the whole country
• Southerners
• Supported slavery
• Slaveholders wanted slavery allowed in
  territories demanded that runaway slaves be
  returned
• Saw North as a growing threat to their way of life

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Opposing Views

• North
• Many saw South as a foreign country where
  American rights liberties did not exist
• Abolitionists wanted slavery ended throughout the
  U.S.
• Moderates people who didnt agree with
  Northerners or Southerners
• Wanted a little of each with modifications
• Supported popular sovereignty allowing voters
  in new territories to decide for themselves
  whether or not to allow slavery

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California to Enter the Union

• California wanted to enter Union as a free state
• 1849 15, free states, 15 slave states
  California would upset this balance of power in
  the Senate
• There was also a chance that Oregon, Utah, New
  Mexico might join as free states.
• South was upset many were afraid South would
  secede from Union
• Compromise of 1850 helped settle things for the
  time being

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Compromise of 1850

• California joined Union as a free state
• Land from Mexican Cession divided into
  territories of New Mexico Utah
• Voters would decide slavery question
• (popular sovereignty)
• Slavery ended in Washington, D.C.
• Included stricter fugitive
• slave law
• Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina made
  demanded item or else the South would secede
• Settled border dispute between Texas New Mexico

Henry Clay proposing Compromise of 1850
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Compromise of 1850
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Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

• Made it harder for Northerners to ignore the
  Fugitive Slave Law and required all citizens to
  help catch runaway slaves
• You could be fined 1,000 sentenced to 6 months
  in jail for letting slaves escape
• North resented, or hated, the new slave law
• It made them feel like they were part of the
  slave system by being forced to capture runaway
  slaves.
• It convinced the North that slavery was wrong.

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Political Cartoon of Fugitive Slave Law
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ayCartoonMedium.asp?MaxID12UniqueID13Year1851
YearMark1787
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Questions

• Describe three different views on the issue of
  slavery in the west.
  
• What were the results of the Compromise of the
  1850? (explain the five parts)
• How did the Compromise of 1850 create new
  conflict over the slavery issue? (hint Fugitive
  Slave Law)