The Cell

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The Cell

• The 3 Principles of Cell Theory
• The cell is the basic unit of life
• All cells come from pre-existing cells (mitosis,
  meiosis, fertilization)
• All organisms are made of one or more cells

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The scale Of Things!
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Why are cells so small?
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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
• Primitive modern
• Simple complex
• DNA is in nucleiod region DNA is in nucleus
• No membrane bound membrane bound
• organelles organelles
• Smaller (1-3 µm Ave.) Larger (10-30 µm)
• Bacteria, Archae Protists, Fungi, Plants
• Animals

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Prokaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic Cell
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Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

• Cell Wall
• Chloroplasts
• Central Vacuole

Plant Cell
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Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

• Centrioles
• Cilia and Flagella
• More Lysosomes

Animal Cell
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Organelles The Nucleus
Controls cell activities Contains the DNA (DNA
hereditary material) Parts Nuclear
envelope Pores Nucleolus (RNA)
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Organelles Ribosomes
Ribosomes site of protein synthesis (can be
free floating or attached to ER)
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Organelles ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Rough ER has ribosomes Smooth ER no
ribosomes So difference in function? Rough has
protein synthesis occur on it and smooth does
not Form channels of membrane for transport of
materials in cell
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Organelles Golgi Apparatus
Sorts and packages materials
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Endomembrane System
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Organelles Lysosomes
Contain hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes Breakdown
worn out parts of the cell
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(No Transcript)
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Organelles Mitochondria (powerhouse)
Function Cellular Respiration releases energy
for the cell to use
Parts Outer membrane Inner Membrane Cristae Matr
ix
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Organelles Chloroplast (plastid)
Function produce and store food
Parts Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Grana Stroma
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Chloroplast and Mitochondria

• Semi-autonomous organelles
• Both have double membranes
• Both have their own DNA
• Both make some of their own proteins
• Cells on their own at one time??

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Organelles Vacuoles

• Animals small
• vacuoles
• Plants central
• vacuole
• Stores toxins
• Water regulation
• Lysosomal
• function
• Outside
• membrane
• tonoplast

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Microbodies convert harmful substances into
useful ones i.e. peroxisome
2H2O2 ? 2H2O 2O2
Peroxisome converts hydrogen peroxide to water
and oxygen
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Cytoskeleton movement of organelles, shape
and support
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate
filaments
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Organelles Cilia and Flagella
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Structure of cilia and flagella (9 2
arrangement)
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Cell to Cell Junctions Plants-Plasmodesmata
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Cell to Cell Junctions Animal Cells
Desmosomes Gap junctions Tight Junctions
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Cell Membrane Fluid-Mosaic Model
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Cell Membrane made of phospholipids and proteins