????(cell differentiation):

1
???? ???????????

• ????
• ???
• ????????
• ???????????

2
?????????
????(cell differentiation)
????????????????????????????????????????
3
????????????

• ?????????????????
• ??????????,?????????
• ????????(??)
• ?????????????(??)?

4
??? ? ? ? ?
?????? (?)????????(??) ????(????)
???????(cell types)?,DNA??,mRNA????,????????
????????????????????
????????????????
5

• (?)?????????
• ????(housekeeping genes)??????????????,????????
  ????e.g., ????????????????????TAC ??????,etc.
• ???????(tissue-specific genes)
  ???????????????,????????????,????????e.g.,
  ?????????????,etc.
• ????(regulatory genes) ????????(?)

6
(?)?????????????? ???????????????(regulatory
proteins)???? i.e., ??????????
??????? ??????
????????????? ??????????
?????????(coordinate)??????
???????????,???????????,???????
7
???(?)????/???????
8
MyoD??????????????
????????-???????????????
9
?????????????????????
10
????????????Ey(??)
11
(?)??????????? (???????)
12
(No Transcript)
13
??????????? (?)??????(totipotency)?????????????
?e.g.,????????????????????????????(?????)
???? ?????????(plant somatic
embryogenesis) ????(1997,???)
???????????,?????(???DNA)??????????
14
(No Transcript)
15
???(stem cells)????????(????,pluripotency)
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??????(ESC)?????
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(No Transcript)
18
????????(hemopoiesis)
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(No Transcript)
20
?????????
21
(No Transcript)
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?????
23
????????
24
3,??????

• ?????????????????
• ?????????????????

25
????????????

• ???(determinant) (?)
• ?????mRNA??mRNA???(germ plasm)

26
4,????????????? ?????????????(??)
??????(position effect) ????(?) morphogen
(???)sonic hedgehog????
27
???????sonic hedgehog ??????morphogen ???
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(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
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• ???????
• ???????(homeotic selector genes, Hox
  genes)???(??)
• Hox????,180 bp ???(homeobox) 60 a.a.
  ???????(homeodomain) helix-turn-helix
• ???(globin)??????????????????????????????

31
??????????DNA????????????
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Hox ?????????????
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• Hox???????
• ????(sequential expression)(??)
• ?????????????????????????????????(??)
• Hox??? homologues ???????????????,? homeobox
  ???????,???????????????????