What%20is%20Adolescence?

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What is Adolescence?
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Adolescence

• The period between childhood and adulthood
• From puberty (the start of sexual maturation) to
  independence from parents

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Physical Development in Adolescence
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Puberty

• The period of sexual maturation where the person
  becomes capable of reproducing
• Starts at approximately age 11 in females and age
  13 in males
• Major growth spurt

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Physical Development
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Primary Sex Characteristics

• The body structures that make sexual reproduction
  possible
• Ovaries in females
• Testes in males

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Secondary Sex Characteristics

• Nonreproductive sexual characteristics
• Breasts and hips in females
• Facial hair and voice changes in males

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Sexual Characteristics
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Sexual Orientation

• Ones attraction toward people of a particular
  gender
• Usually heterosexual or homosexual small
  minority bisexual

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Heterosexual

• A sexual orientation in which a person is
  attracted to members of the opposite sex
• straight

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Homosexual

• A sexual orientation in which a person is
  attracted to members of the same sex
• Approximately 6-8 of the male population and
  3-4 of the female population

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Social Development in Adolescence
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Erik Erikson

• Constructed an 8-stage theory of social
  development
• Each stage has its own psychosocial,
  developmental task a crisis.

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Trust v. mistrust

• Infancy to 1 year
• If needs met infant develops a sense of basic
  trust, or will develop mistrust

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Autonomy v. shame and doubt

• 1 to 2 years
• Learn to exercise and do things for self or they
  will doubt their abilities

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Initiative v. guilt

• 3 to 5
• Learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or
  they feel guilty about efforts to be independent

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Competence (industry) v. inferiority

• 6 years to puberty
• Learn pressure of applying themselves to a tasks,
  or they feel inferior

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Identity v. role confusion

• Teens into 20s
• Refining sense of self by testing roles
  challenging authority eventually find SELF or
  become confused about who they are

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Intimacy v. isolation

• 20s to 40s
• Forming close relationships
• Deeper love or socially isolated

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Generativity v. stagnation

• 40s to 60s
• discover sense of contributing to the world or
  they may feel lack of purpose

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Ego integrity v. despair

• 60 and up
• Reflecting on life either feel satisfied or
  failure

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Social Development in Adolescence Developing
Identity
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Identity

• A strong, consistent sense of who and what a
  person is, search through
• Experimentation
• Rebellion
• Self-ishness
• Optimism and energy

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Intimacy

• A close, sharing, emotional, and honest
  relationship with other people (primary task of
  early adulthood)
• Not necessarily ones spouse or a sexual
  relationship

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Adulthood

• How easily one passes between stages depends on
  cultural and economic factors
• Erickson showed that development is an ongoing
  process that is never finished

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Are Adults Prisoners of Childhood?

• Traumatized children are more likely to have
  emotional and behavioral problems
• Evidence from the following suggest that negative
  effects are not inevitable

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• Partnerships formed
• Parenthood
• Work (double shift)
• Midlife crisis/transition

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• Menopause
• Retirement
• Change in relationships- empty nest, death of
  family friends