Psychological Therapies

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Psychological Therapies
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Therapy

• It used to be that if someone exhibited abnormal
  behavior, they were institutionalized.
• Because of new drugs and better therapy, the U.S.
  went to a policy of deinstitutionalization.

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Somatic Therapies(psychiatrist or clinical
psychologist?)

• Psychopharmacology
• Antipsychotics (thorazine, haldol)
• Anti-anxiety (valium, barbiturates, Xanax)
• Mood Disorders (serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
• Bipolar (lithium)

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Psychopharmacology

• The study of the effects of drugs on mind and
  behavior.

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Antianxiety Drugs

• Includes drugs like Valium,Xanax Librium.

• Like alcohol, they depress nervous system
  activity.

• Most widely abused drugs.

Do they really solve the problem?
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Lithium
chemical that provides an effective drug therapy
for the mood swings of bipolar (manic-depressive)
disorders
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Antidepressant Drugs

• Lift you up out of depression.

Most increase the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
and serotonin.
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Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft

• Work by blocking serotonin reuptake.

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Drugs and Hospitalization
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Somatic Therapy

• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)- for depression.
• Psychosurgury
• lobotomy

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Psychotherapy

• An interaction between a trained therapist and
  someone suffering from psychological difficulties.

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Psychoanalytic Therapywhat name???what time of
life???

• Psychoanalysis (manifest and latent content
  through. hypnosis free association, dream,
  interpretation).
• Unconscious
• Transference

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Transference

• In psychoanalysis, the patients transfer to the
  analyst of emotions linked with other
  relationships.

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How effect is Psychotherapy?

• Eysencks challenge in 1950s
• Meta-analysis ( statistically combining the
  results of many different studies)

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Humanistic Therapypast or present???
Schizophrenics?

• Client-Centered Therapy by Carl Rogers
• These are non-directive therapies and use active
  listening.
• Self-actualization, free-will and unconditional
  positive regard.
• Gestalt Therapy by Fritz Perls encourage clients
  to get in touch with whole self.

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Client (Person) Centered Therapy
Most widely used Humanistic technique is

• Developed by Carl Rogers

• Therapist should use genuineness, acceptance and
  empathy to show unconditional positive regard
  towards their clients.

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Active Listening

• Central to Rogers client-centered therapy

• Empathetic listening where the listener echoes,
  restates and clarifies.

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Behavioral Therapieshere and now/anyone other
than schiz

• Counterconditioning
• 1. Classical Conditioning
• 2. Aversive Conditioning
• 3. Systematic desensitization
• 4.Flooding
• 5.Operant Conditioning
• 6.Token Economy

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Behavior Therapies

• Therapy that applies learning principles to the
  elimination of unwanted behaviors.

• The behaviors are the problems- so we must change
  the behaviors.

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Classical Conditioning Techniques

• Counterconditioning
• A behavioral therapy that conditions new
  responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted
  behaviors.

Two Types
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Systematic Desensitization

• A type of counterconditioning that associates a
  pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing
  anxiety-triggering stimuli.

How would I use systematic desensitization to
reduce my fear of old dentists?
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ANXIETY HIERARCHY USED IN SYSTEMATC
DESENSITIZATION
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Behavior Therapy

• Systematic Desensitization

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Flooding

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Aversive Conditioning

• What are some ways you can change the behaviors
  of your friends with aversive conditioning who
  bite their fingernails?

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Aversive Conditioning

• A type of counterconditioning that associates an
  unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.

How would putting poop on the fingernails of a
nail biter effect their behavior?
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Aversive Conditioning
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Virtual Technology Exposure Therapy
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Operant Conditioning

• Token Economy an operant conditioning procedure
  that rewards a desired behavior.

A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned
for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various
privileges or treats.
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Cognitive Therapy

• Change the way we view the world (change our
  schemas)
• Aaron Beck
• Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Therapy

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Cognitive Therapy
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Cognitive Therapies

• A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive
  ways of thinking and acting based on the
  assumptions that thoughts intervene between
  events and our emotional reactions.

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Cognitive Therapy

• Cognitive Therapists try to teach people new,
  more constructive ways of thinking.

Is .300 a good or bad batting average?
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Cognitive Therapy
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Aaron Beck and his view of Depression

• Noticed that depressed people were similar in the
  way they viewed the world.
• Used cognitive therapy get people to take off the
  dark sunglasses in which they view their
  surroundings

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Cognitive Therapy- Does It Work?
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Group Therapy
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Eclectic Approach

• The most popular form of therapy- it is basically
  a smorgasbord where the therapist combines
  techniques from different schools of psychology.