The French Revolution

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The French Revolution

• Understand the following
• 1. The collision of social unrest and new
  political ideas can lead to revolution.
• 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to
  strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
• 3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but
  this can be accompanied by problems.
• Any questions from last two nights homework?
• video part II enlightenment
• In packet complete p 2 and 3 with your group
  any questions?
• Complete p 3 part B.
• Read p 5 and answer reading comprehension
  questions p 6 connect to middle east today
  similarities and differences?
• How do these events illustrate the above
  understandings?
• Complete top of page 7

• Beginning of Revolution Day 2

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On the eve of RevolutionThe Old Regime-

• France was still operating on an archaic social
  and political system developed during the middle
  ages.
• The French people were in one of 3 categories,
  or Estates, especially important in terms of
  wealth and the payment of taxes.
• These Estates came under great pressure as
  Frances economy crumbled, and the Government ran
  out of money.
• The Old Regime, best represented by the
  absolutism of Louis XIV (14th) required strong
  leadership.
• BUT Louis XVI (16th) was weak, pampered,
  uninterested and indecisive
• Intro and overview

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The First Estate (The Clergy)-

• The Church formed this estate.
• 1. Owned 10 of the Land
• 2. Collected Tithes
• 3. Paid No Taxes
• 4. Bishops and Abbots
• 5. Run Social Services (Schools, etc)
• 6. Despise and reject the teachings of the
  Enlightenment
• The Wealthiest Estate

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The Second Estate-

• Made up of Rich Nobles. 2 of the Population,
  but controlled 25 of the land. Paid very little
  in taxes.
• 1. Top Jobs in Government, Army, Courts, and
  Local Churches.
• 2. Owned a lot of land, but had little actual
  income except from feudal fees paid by peasants
  some became very successful businessmen as well.
• 3. Resent Royal Absolutism
• Fear and resist paying Taxes

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Third Estate

• The Majority of the People. This Estate was
  made up of 98 percent of the People of France.
  29 Million People.
• 1. Bourgeoisie Middle Class- Bankers and
  Merchants, Lawyers, Doctors, etc.
• 2. Peasants- 9 of 10 People
• 3. City Workers- The Poorest of the Poor.
• - many of these people were unpaid yet still
  taxed.
• This Estate paid the Heaviest Taxes. The
  Bourgeoisie adopted the ideas of the
  Enlightenment and the others resented the 1st and
  2nd estates. They were ready for change.

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II. Financial Crisis

• Deficit Spending- A Government Spending more than
  it makes.
• Louis XIV (14th) made a huge debt- France had to
  actually borrow money from other countries.
• Louis XVI, with Marie Antoinette, ran up the debt
  further on lavish royal stuff, and to pay for war
  against England (American Revolution)
• To solve problem- Proposal is to raise taxes, but
  on whom?
• Crumbling Economy-
• 1) Economic Decline of 1770s
• 2) Foreign Wars Costly More Debt
• 3) Bad Harvests of 1780s the price of bread,
  the main food skyrockets to unattainable levels.
• -Hunger Riots, manor houses attacked

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Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
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Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
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Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
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from the Ode to King Louis (14, 15, 16)

• Louie Louie, oh noU gotta goAye-yi-yi-yi,
• I saidLouie Louie, oh babyU gotta go

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Financial Crisis, Cont.

• Failure of Reforms
• Louis XV (15)- More Debt
• Louis XVI (16)- Spiraling Debt out of control.
• -Financing the American Revolution becomes the
  straw that breaks the camels back
• -Decides that financial reforms are necessary,
  hires Jacques Necker as advisor.
• - Necker was competent and skilled in finance
• -Necker proposes reductions in spending and
  tariffs
• -Also proposes Tax on the 1st and 2nd Estates
  They call for him to be fired

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Jacques Neckertax the rich, its okay,
reallyvideo part III
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III. The King Takes Action

• Riots and Protests, and the demands of the 2nd
  Estate, force the King to call the Estates
  General to Versailles.
• The Cahiers (List of Grievances) filed in
  Estates General on May 5, 1789
• Reforms, specifically in Taxes and Free Press
• Class Resentment primarily because the vast
  majority (3rd Estate) had no functional power in
  the Estates General
• The National Assembly forms and the Tennis Court
  Oath-
• Only Property Owning members of the 3rd Estate
  Could Vote in the 3rd Estate
• Focus on Financial fix and social reform
• Demanded that each individual vote count, no more
  block voting
• After weeks of Debate, they name themselves the
  National Assembly, and claim that they represent
  the People, and the People should form the
  Government and Laws.

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The French Revolution

• Understand the following
• 1. The collision of social unrest and new
  political ideas can lead to revolution.
• 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to
  strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
• 3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but
  this can be accompanied by problems.
• Read p 5 and answer reading comprehension
  questions p 6 connect to middle east today
  similarities and differences?
• How do these events illustrate the above
  understandings?
• Complete top of page 7 the Storming the
  Bastille
• Why is the storming of th eBatille the symbol for
  the Revolution?

• Continuing of Revolution Day 3

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National Assembly, Cont.

• 4. The National Assembly is locked out of the
  Estates General
• They take the Tennis Court Oath- and vow to
  stay together until they develop a Constitution
  for France.
• 5. Reform-minded Nobles and Clergy join the
  National Assembly.
• 6. Louis XVI (16) Gathers Swiss Troops,
  orders them to dissolve the National Assembly.
  Doesnt happen. But how do the people feel when
  seeing massing Swiss soldiers?
• 7. Louis 16 Hires/ Fires Necker
• - during this time there are more food
  shortages and mounting tension

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IV. the Storming of the Bastille video 4

• The Bastille was a fort and prison holding
  political prisoners, and it also served as
  storage for weapons and black powder.
• Crowd Demands Weapons and Powder- Commander of
  the Bastille opens fire on the crowd
• The People storm the Bastille, break in and kill
  the commander. Free only 5 Prisoners, but
  becomes the symbol of the start of the revolution
  and a strike on Tyranny.
• July 14th is Bastille Day, the French
  equivalent of our Independence Day

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Storming of The Bastille
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Creating a new France

• Revolts in Paris and Provinces
• Terrible Famine and massive unemployment
• A. The Great Fear
• 1. Rumors, caused by Famine and Fear
• (attacks by marauders)
• 2. Peasants attack Nobles- anger
• B. Paris in Arms
• 1. Various Groups try for Power
• Moderates
• Lafayette-leader
• National Guard- Fight Royal Troops
• Tri-Color
• Paris Commune (Radical)
• Demand end to monarchy
• Violent
• Spread Royal Rumors

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II. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

• End to special privilege - August 4, 1789
• N.A. Nobles Vote to give up Privileges
• Declaration of the Rights of Man August 26,
  1789
• 1. Modeled after U.S. Declaration of
  Independence
• 2. Government must protect peoples natural
  rights
• 3. All males are equal
• 4. People still starving

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III. Women March on Versailles

• Paris to Versailles- Women want Bread
• The Mob wants to Wring Her Neck
• 1. They hate Queen- Extravagant
• - Accused of Immorality
• 2. Let them Eat Cake- never said it- untrue
• 3. Demand that King goes to Paris
• A Triumphant Procession
• 1. Louis XVI forced to wear the Tri-Color
• 2. Royal family moves to Tuileries Palace-
  House Arrest

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Lets Get Her
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Ms. Marie Antoinette, are you home, do you want
to come out and play? video 5
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The French Revolution

• Understand the following
• 1. The collision of social unrest and new
  political ideas can lead to revolution.
• 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to
  strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
• 3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but
  this can be accompanied by problems.
• Any questions from last nights homework?
• Read complete 10-11 about the Declaration of
  Rights of Man
• Complete 13 comparing the American and French
  Revolutions

• Continuing of Revolution Day 4

continued
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The French Tri-Color
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IV. A TIME FOR REFORM

• National Assembly Goes to Paris
• Reorganizing the Church
• 1. National Assembly- took over church, sells
  
• church land.
• 2. Civil Constitution of the Clergy- Ends Papal
  
• Authority.
• 3. Priests Refuse
• 4. Causes problem with Peasants and people in
  parishes-Church played important role in their
  lives

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A Republican Constitution

• Written Constitution
• 1. Wrote Constitution of 1791
• - Limited Monarchy
• - Legislative Assembly replaces the national
  assembly with the power over Laws/Taxes/War
• - All males have right to vote
• - Provinces become 83 departments
• - Privilege Propose free trade
• - No unions allowed

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• C. The Fateful Flight
• 1. Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and son make a
  run for it disguised
• 3. Former soldier recognizes the royal family
• 4. Brought back to Paris and treated as a
  traitor

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V. Reaction Outside of France

• Widespread Fears
• 1. Increase Boarder Patrols
• 2. Told Horror stories by Emigres-
  nobles/clergy/
• others who fled.
• 3. Edmund Burke- Predicted Violence
• Threats from Abroad
• 1. King of Prussia/ Emperor of Austria
• 2. Declaration of Pilnitz- intervene to protect
  the
• Royal Family

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The French Revolution

• Understand the following
• 1. The collision of social unrest and new
  political ideas can lead to revolution.
• 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to
  strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
• 3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but
  this can be accompanied by problems.
• Any questions from last nights homework?
• Complete packet pages 8-9

• Reign of Terror Day 5

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Radical Days of the National Convention
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Maximilien Robespierre
Video 5
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Stages of the Revolution - video 6

• Stages 3 (cont.)
• Monarchies around Europe feared revolutionary
  ideas may spread
• Austria states support for Louis XVI and
  threatened to invade
• Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria
• France now has domestic and foreign conflicts
• European Powers attack France, at first quite
  successfully with the goal to end the Revolution
  and restore the monarchy
• Armies are sent out of Paris to fight foreign
  enemies

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Stages of the Revolution

• Stage 3 (cont.)
• Radicals begin to dominate Legislative Assembly
• July 25, 1792 Radicals capture Louis XVI and
  family and put in a stone tower in Paris
• Radicals take over Legislative Assembly
• Ends limited monarchy and Constitution of 1791
• Louis XVI deposed as king
• Legislative Assembly dissolved August 10, 1792

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Radical days

• Downfall of the Monarchy
• a. Outbreak of Violence
• 1. August 10, 1792- Kings guards slaughtered
• 2. Political Prisoners Killed due to fear of a
  counter-revolution
• September Massacres
• Patriots or Savages
• b. French Republic
• 1. Radicals form the National Convention
• 2. Suffrage- Right to vote for all males
• 3. Abolished Nobility Titles
• 4. All people were to be called Citizen

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Stages of the Revolution

• Stage 3 (cont.)
• September Massacre (September 1792)
• French troops leaving Paris to fight Austrians
• Parisians fear less troops in Paris will allow
  captured nobles to escape and regain control
• Radicals lead raid on imprisoned nobles and
  clergy and kill 1000s

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VI. War at Home and Abroad

• Legislative assembly dissolves
• The Sans-Culottes
• - Working Class People Make revolution more
  radical
• 1. Supported by the Jacobins-
  revolutionary political club-
• use newspapers to their advantage
• Revolutionary Groups
• - From Right to Left of the Leg. Assembly-
• 1. Right - Conservatives - Reforms were enough
• 2. Center- Moderates - need to continue with
  more reforms
• 3. Left- Jacobins- Get rid of Monarchs -
  Radical

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Stages of the Revolution
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Radical Days

• National Convention
• Takes over after Legislative Assembly-September
  21, 1792
• Made up of radical leaders from the Jacobin Club
  led by the far left Mountain
• Supported a REPUBLIC

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Radical Days of the National Convention

• National Convention
• Abolished monarchy and declared France a REPUBLIC
  based on LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
• All adult males could vote and hold office
  Louis XVI? common citizen
• Citizen Army Nationalism for France grows
  strong
• 1792- First Coalition (made up of Great Britain,
  Holland, Spain, Austria and Prussia) takes on
  France
• National Convention holds a draft
• By 1794, 800,000 men and WOMEN fighting to
  protect France

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Radical days (cont.)

• Death of a King and Queen
• 1. Louis XVI convicted of Treason
• 2. King and Queen were beheaded
• The Convention under seige
• Declared war on those that they feared would
  support the monarchy- England, Spain,
  Netherlands, Prussia
• Jacobins v. Girondins in Convention

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Robespierre

• Maximillien Robespierre (Jacobin)
• 1. Lawyer- Leader of the Committee of Public
  Safety
• 2. Religious Tolerance
• 3. Popular with Sans-Culottes, Hates the Old
  Regime
• Reign of Terror July 7, 1793 1794
• 1. Organized by Robespierre
• 2. Hasty Trials- 40,000 Die
• 3. Mistaken ID/ False Accusations
• 4. Dr. Guillotin- Argues the Axe is not
  accurate

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Dr. Guillotine and his Invention
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The Reign of Terror

• Guillotine
• Device created by Dr. Guillotin as a means to an
  enlightened execution without prejudice
• How might the guillotine be an enlightened form
  of execution?

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The Reign of Terror

• Execution of Louis XVI-King of France
• Executed January 21, 1793
• Said to have cried like a baby as he climbed the
  scaffolding
• Symbolic event signifying the emergence of a true
  radical republic

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Louis loses it! - video 7
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The Reign of Terror

• Execution of George Danton
• A leader of National Convention and close friend
  and confidant of Robespierre
• Executed by guillotine in spring of 1794
• Considered not RADICAL enough!

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The Reign of Terror

• Murder of Jean Paul Marat
• Writer and publisher of The Friend of the
  People
• Murdered in his bath tub on July 13, 1793
• Murdered by woman that feared his ideas too
  radical
• Wanted an end to unnecessary violence

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The Reign of Terror

• Execution of Marie Antoinette- Queen of France
  video 8
• Executed on Oct. 16, 1793
• Was never liked by the people of France
• Was executed as a traitor for conspiring against
  France with her brother the Emperor of Austria

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Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety
video 9

• A)Committee of Public Safety
• 1.Deal with Threats to France
• 2.12 Men Prepare France for War
• 3. Armies invade Netherlands and Italy
• 4. Crush the Peasant Revolt

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Radicals Too Radical?

• How does this cartoon depict the arms of the
  radicals?
• By the people represented in the cartoonwhat
  might be the cartoonists opinion of the
  radicals?

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The Reign of Terror it ends

• Even the Radicals had enough
• National Convention leaders secretly organize the
  arrest and execution of Robespierre
• July 24, 1794-Thermodorian Reaction ending the
  reign of terror

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Max, have you lost your head?
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End of National Convention

• After Robespierres execution, National
  Convention leaders rally to create a more
  moderate government structure.
• Convention remains in place until the new
  structure is created and new members elected
• This will become the 5th and final stage
• THE DIRECTORY

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III. Reaction and the Directory

• Moderates write Constitution of 1795
• The Directory is set up 1795-1799
• 1. Dictatorial but weak
• 2. Suppress Bread Riots
• 3. Use Napoleon Bonaparte- Popular Military
  Hero
• Women in the Revolution
• 1. Rights
• Olympe De Gouges- Declaration of the
  Rights of Women
• 2. Setbacks
• National Convention- Banned Womens
  Political Clubs

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V. Changes in Daily Life video 10 end of
Revolution

• 10 years of major changes
• Nationalism- an aggressive feeling of pride and
  devotion to ones country
• La Marsillaise- French National Anthem
• Social Reform
• 1. Mandatory Elementary Education- State Run
• 2. Care for Poor, Old Soldiers, Old Widows
• 3. No Slavery in Colonies
• 4. Non Religious Calendar - 1793 was year 1
• Arts-
• 1. Grand- Classical- Rome

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Governments of the Revolution1789-1815

• Monarchy King Louis XVI
• National Assembly
• Legislative Assembly
• National Convention
• Committee of Public Safety
• Robespierre
• The Directory
• Napoleon
• King Louis XVIII
• Napoleon (100 Days)

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Stages of the Revolution

• 1st Stage- 1789- 1792
• National Assembly
• Storming the Bastille
• Tennis Court Oath
• Declaration of the Rights of Man
• New Constitution
• Limited Monarchy
• Great Fear
• Legislative Assembly

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Stages of the Revolution

• Stage 2- 1792-1794
• Execution of the King and Queen
• Committee of Public Safety
• Robespierre
• Reign of Terror
• Republic
• Execution of Robespierre