Cell Structures/Functions

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Cell Structures/Functions
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Cell membrane

• Thin, flexible barrier around the cell
• (separates the cell from its environment)
• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
  Semi-permeable - lets some molecules in and keeps
  some molecules out
• Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins

lipid layer lipid layer
protein
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Cell Wall

• Found in plants, algae, fungi bacteria
• (surrounds cell membrane)
• Provides support and protection shape
• In plants algae made of cellulose
• In fungi made of chitin
• In bacteria made of peptidoglycan

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Nucleus

• Controls cell functions
• Contains DNA blueprint for new cells
• Nuclear membrane-
• double layer surrounding nucleus
• Nuclear pores-
• openings in nuclear membrane that allow
• molecules in and out of nucleus

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Chromosomes/Chromatin

• Contain the cells heredity information
• Made of DNA and protein
• Chromatin- long, thin, string like, most of the
  time
• Chromosome- condensed form, during cell division

• Always found in the nucleus!!!!!!!!!!

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Nucleolus

• Site of ribosome production
• Found in nucleus

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Cytoplasm

• Jelly-like material in which cellar reactions
  occur
• found between cell membrane and nucleus
• Contains fluid and organelles
• Cytoplasmic streaming
• (constant movement of the cytoplasm)

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Cytoskeleton
Microtubule

• Network of protein tubules and filaments
• Helps to maintain the shape of the cell
• Helps in locomotion of the cell
• Helps in movement of organelles
• within the cell

Microfilament
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Microtubles- Hollow tubes that strengthen and
maintain the shape of the cell-used in movement

• Microfilaments-Tiny filaments that give strength
  and maintain shape-used in movement

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Centrioles (animals only)

• Used in animal cell division
• Microtubules

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Ribosomes

• Site of protein
• synthesis (where proteins are made)

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Endoplasmic reticulum-canals

• System of membranous canals used to transport
  substances
• Rough
• Ribosomes attached
• New protein move through the cell
• Smooth
• No ribosomes
• Synthesis of lipids, carbs
• Detoxification of harmful
• substances

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Golgi apparatus

• Stack of membranes
• Packages substances in the cell, especially
  secretions, sends to final destination

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Vacuole

• Store materials water, salts, proteins, and carbs
• Plants- provide support

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Lysosomes (animals only)

• Filled with enzymes
• Break down lipids, carbs, proteins and organelles
• suicide sac

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Mitochondria

• Converts food into usable energy
• Site of cellular respiration
• Aka Powerhouse

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Chloroplast

• Converts sunlight into energy-rich
  food-photosynthesis
• Plants only
• Contains chlorophyll

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