The Perfect Passive

1
The Perfect Passive
The old man accused the thief
This is a sentence with an active verb in the
perfect tense. How can you change it to make the
verb passive?
The thief was accused by the old man
The thief has been accused by the old man
How would you translate both sentences in to
Latin?
senex furem accusavit
fur a sene accusatus est
In the second sentence the verb is in the perfect
passive tense
2
The Formation of the Perfect Passive
The perfect passive is formed by two verbs
1. The past participle of the verb accusare gt
accusatus
2. The present tense of the verb esse (to be)
sum es est sumus estis sunt
The forms, therefore, are as follows
singular
plural
portatus sum
portati sumus
portatus es
portati estis
portatus est
portati sunt
3
The Formation of the Perfect Passive
Remember that the past participle behaves like
and adjective and agrees with the subject
She was carried
portata est
He was carried
portatus est
ancillae portatae sunt
The slave girls were carried
The slaves were carried
servi portati sunt
The perfect passive can be translated in 2 ways
in English
She was carried
portata est
She has been carried
4
Translations
arcus ab Imperatore dedicatus est
The arch was dedicated by the emperor
multi nuntii ad urbem missi sunt
Many messengers were sent to the city
dux hostium a militibus captus est
The leader of the enemy was captured by the
soldiers
cur ad villam non invitati estis?
Why have you not been invited to the house?
a Salvio deceptus sum
I was deceived by Salvius
No reward has been sent by the citizens
praemium
a
civibus
missum
est
nullum
5
The Formation of the Pluperfect Passive
The pluperfect passive is formed by two verbs
1. The past participle of the verb accusare gt
accusatus
2. The imperfect tense of esse
eram
eras
erat
eramus
eratis
erant
The forms, therefore, are as follows
singular
plural
portatus eram
portati eramus
portatus eras
portati eratis
portatus erat
portati erant
6
Translations
Simon a matre servtus erat
Simon had been saved by his mother
custodes circum carcerem positi erant
The guards had been placed around the prison
diligenter laborare iussi eratis
You had been ordered to work diligently
a militibus Romanis superati eramus
We had been overcome by the Romans
I had been deceived by Salvius
a Salvio deceptus eram
No reward had been sent by the citizens
nullum
praemium
a
civibus
missum
erat