Human Sexuality

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Human Sexuality

• Ms. Fitchwell
• Health Education

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Human Sexuality

• Adolescence is the time when young people go
  through the physical, emotional, and social
  changes that end in adulthood.
• Puberty refers to the physical changes that occur
  during adolescence.
• During puberty, secondary sex characteristics
  appear, and the reproductive structures mature.
• Puberty begins because male and female hormones
  are released into the bloodstream.
• During puberty, both boys and girls will grow
  quickly, perspire more, have body odor, and
  develop oily skin and some pimples.

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Human Sexuality

• Between the ages of 9-17 children go through
  puberty, which marks the beginning of adolescence
• Puberty occurs as a result of the release of
  hormones
• Testosterone male hormone
• Estrogen and progesterone female hormones
• Male and female hormones are responsible for the
  physical, emotional, and social changes that
  occur.

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Physical Changes

• The development of sex characteristics
• Primary sex characteristics are directly related
  to the production of the reproductive cells
  sperm for males, and ovum for females
• Secondary sex characteristics body hair in both
  males and females
• Females - the development of breasts and widening
  of the hips
• Males - and the broadening of the chest and the
  deepening of the voice

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Concerns over physical changes

• As people reach puberty, there is great variation
  in the size and shape of people of the same age
• Girls can be much taller than boys
• Boys voices can crack due to an increase in
  the size of the larynx
• Hands and feet may appear large and awkward

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Mental changes

• Brain reaches its adult size and weight
• Cognition the act or process of knowing,
  including both awareness and judgment and
  memory both increase.
• You are able to predict the outcomes of many
  situations you look at different ways of
  solving problems

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Mental changes

• Your ability to think logically, or think things
  out, increases
• Can understand someone elses point of view
• New interests will develop and career goals may
  begin to come into focus

• Cerebral Cortex (Grey Matter)
• Most complex part of CNS
• Motor/sensory functions
• Emotions
• Cognition - Language
• Attention

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Emotional changes

• Strong emotional feelings can come to the surface
• You can experience mood swings, sulking and crave
  privacy
• May have difficulty in letting others know how
  you are feeling.

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Bell Ringer May 12th

• What is the difference between primary and
  secondary sex characteristics?
• What is the male sex hormone? Female sex
  hormones?
• What are some mental changes that occur during
  puberty?

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Male Reproductive System

• During puberty, the pituitary gland stimulates
  the testes to begin producing the male sex
  hormone, testosterone.
• Testosterone- causes the production of sperm
• Sperm- male reproductive cell
• Two main biological functions of the male
  reproductive system1. production of sperm 2.
  transfer of it to the females body during sexual
  intercourse

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Male reproduction system

• Click here to see the male reproductive system

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Warm-Up May

• What role do the following organs/muscles/glands
  play in the male reproductive system?
• Pituitary Gland
• Testes
• Epididymis
• Seminal Vesicles
• Stimulates the testes to produce the male sex
  hormone, testosterone.
• External organ, produces testosterone and sperm.
• Coil-like tube on the outside of testes, sperm
  are stored here and mature.
• Located on each side of the bladder, produce
  liquid that mixes with sperm (semen is a fluid
  that carries and nourishes sperm).

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Bladder
Seminal Vesicles
Urethra
Penis
Prostate Gland
Cowper's Gland
Glans/Head
Vas Deferens
Epididymis
Testes
Scrotum
http//www.kscience.co.uk/revision/reproduction/ma
le/malelabel.htm
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Male Reproductive System is made up of both
internal and external organsExternal
organs1. Testes (testicles) are two small
glands that produce sperm. Testes hang outside of
the body in a sac called the scrotum. This sac
protects sperm by keeping the testes at a
temperature slightly below normal
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External organs2. Penis the external sex
organ in which the sperm is delivered to the
females body.Composed of spongy tissue that
contains many blood vessels. As a result of
increased blood flow, the penis becomes enlarged
and erect.
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Internal male reproductive organs

• Plays a role in the delivery of the sperm
• Urethra carries sperm and urine to the outside
  of the body. (a valve prevents the two fluids
  from mixing)
• Epididymis located on the outer surface of the
  testes sperm mature here
• Vas-deferens a pair of connecting tubes that
  receives the sperm from the epididymis
• As the sperm travels through the vas deferens,
  they combine with fluids from the seminal
  vesicles, prostate gland and Cowpers gland and
  the to form semen.

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• Ejaculation- A series of muscular contractions
  during sexual arousal.
• During ejaculation, semen is released
• Nocturnal emissions- Orgasm and ejaculation may
  occur during sleep.
• Can be referred to as a wet dream
• Occur because sperm production during puberty
  causes increased pressure in the reproductive
  system.

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At birth, the tip of the penis is covered with a
fold of skin called Foreskin Circumcision the
surgical removal of the foreskin

• 
  
• 
  Uncircumcised penis with foreskin intact

Circumcised penis
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Female reproductive system

• Click here to view female reproductive system

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Female Reproductive System

• The Female Reproductive System stores female
  reproductive cells, or ova. It also nourishes
  and protects each fertilized ovum from the
  beginning of pregnancy through birth.
• 1. Vagina also called the birth canal, is a
  hollow tube leading from the uterus to the
  outside of the body. Sperm from the male enters
  the female reproductive system through the
  vagina.

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Females Reproductive Organs

• 2. Ovaries two small organs that have two
  functions 1. releases estrogen and
  progesterone 2. produces and releases a mature
  egg (ova) once a month called ovulation
• Female babies are born with approx. 400,000
  immature ova in the ovaries. During puberty,
  hormones cause the immature ova to mature.

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• 3. Fallopian tubes two small tubes that carry a
  released egg from the ovary to the uterus. When
  an egg is released from the ovary, it moves into
  the fallopian tubes and finger like projections
  draw the egg into the uterus.
• If intercourse occurs during the time there
  is an egg in the fallopian tube, sperm may unite
  with the egg and fertilization occurs.

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• 4. Uterus (womb) is a small, muscular,
  pear-shaped organ, about the size of a fist. The
  fertilized egg (zygote) will develop and grow in
  the uterus. The uterus has layers of tissue and
  a rich supply of blood to protect and nourish the
  developing fetus.
• The base of the uterus is called the
  cervix. It expands during childbirth to allow
  the passage of the baby.

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Warm-Up May 16th

• Whats the medical term for wet Dream? Why are
  they common as males go through puberty?
• Whats the function of the ovaries ?

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Menstruation

• If the ovum does not become fertilized, the
  lining of the uterus breaks down and is passed
  out of the vagina. This process is called
  menstruation
• Usually lasts 3-5 days
• Menstrual cycle, which is the time from the
  beginning of one menstrual cycle to the onset of
  the next, is usually a 28 day cycle
• Onset usually between the ages of 10 15
• Can be very irregular at first
• Can also be affected by poor nutrition, stress
  and illness

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Menstrual cycle

• Click here to view menstrual cycle

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Care of the reproductive system

• Includes cleanliness, protection, and
  self-examination
• A male who is not circumcised must practice extra
  hygiene
• Avoid wearing clothing that is too tight
• Wear a protective or supporter during strenuous
  exercise
• Perform a monthly self exam of the testes to
  check for any thickening or lumps

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Problems of the male reproductive system

• Hernia occurs when part of an organ pushes
  through an opening of a membrane or muscle that
  usually contains the organ.
• 2. Sterility condition in which a person is
  unable to reproduce.
• can be a result of producing too few sperm. This
  can be caused from environmental hazards that
  damage the sperm making process-exposure to X-
  rays, radiation and lead from motor exhaust
• Can also be caused from temperature change,
  exposure to certain chemicals, smoking and
  disease.

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3. Enlarged prostate gland can enlarge for
reasons such as an infection, a tumor, or old
age. When the gland enlarges, it tends to
squeeze the urethra, resulting in frequent or
difficult urination4. Testicular torsion
twisting of testis so that blood vessels leading
to the testis also twists, cutting off the blood
supply.
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5. Cancer of the Prostate often a cancer site
of older men. 6. Cancer of the testes -
occurs most frequently in males between the ages
of 15 and 35.Hard lumps, or nodules , on the
testes may be a sign of cancer. There may or may
not be pain associated with the lumps
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Problems of the FRS

• Menstrual cramps
• Usually mild, lasting for several hours
• A heating pad, over the counter medication and
  light exercise can help
• Practice deep breathing-yoga-especially during
  pregnancy! , increase vitamin d intake
• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
• PMS is a variety of symptoms that can occur
  several days to two weeks before the menstrual
  period.
• Symptoms nervous tension, anxiety,
  irritability, mood swings, fatigue, bloating
• How to decrease pms
• Nutritional changes (avoid chemicals in foods),
• get moving,
• practice relaxation techniques-
• address your stress levels

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• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) related to tampon use
  during the menstrual period.
• This is a rare but serious disease that may be
  fatal.
• The presence of a bacterium, staphylococcus
  aureus, causes the infection.
• Flu-like symptoms aching muscles, sore throat,
  sudden high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting,
  rash.

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Problems that can cause infertility

• Blocked fallopian tube - leading cause of female
  infertility. Can be caused by pelvic
  inflammatory disease (PID) of abdominal surgery.
• Endometriosis uterine tissue grows outside the
  uterus, often appearing on the ovaries, fallopian
  tubes in in the abdominal cavity.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - an infection of the
  fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding areas in
  a womans pelvis. It can damage the reproductive
  organs and is usually caused by sexually
  transmitted diseases.

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Other reproductive disorders

• Cervix, uterus and ovaries are common sites of
  cancer.
• Cervical cancer is detected through a Pap test, a
  test in which samples of cells are taken from the
  cervix by a doctor.
• All sexually active females should have a yearly
  Pap smear and all women from the age of 18 and
  older should also have a yearly Pap smear

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Breast self-examination

• Is an important habit for females to develop
• Should be done once a month, about a week after
  the start of their menstrual period (breasts
  tenderness/bloating before during period)
• Should check for anything unusual, such as any
  discharge from the nipples, lumps or mass under
  the skin

http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/life-greatest-mi
racle.html
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Bell Ringer May 7th

• What is another term for wet dream?
• Describe the term circumcision. What is removed
  during this process?
• How long does an average menstrual cycle last?
• Nocturnal Emission
• Surgical Procedure that removes foreskin from the
  tip of the penis
• 28 days

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Warm-Up Dec. 18th

• List all of the female reproductive organs.
• What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
• What is another name for the uterus? Vagina?
• How long does the average menstrual cycle last?
• Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, endometrium,
  cervix, vagina
• 2 Small tubes that carry and release ovaries from
  the ovaries to uterus.
• WOMB AND BIRTH CANAL
• 28 Days