The Cell

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The Cell Cell Processes
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• Factoids
• A. You have approximately 7.5 TRILLION cells that
  make you up.
• B. 200 different types of cells work together and
  form the tissues that make up our organs.

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• II . Cells are specialized
• A. Cells in the body have different functions so
  the shape amount of organelles depends on the
  function of the cell.

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Mitochondria

• Transforms food molecules into energy for cell

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Cytoplasm

• Liquid material that organelles reside in.
• Cellular metabolism occurs here.

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Lysosome

• Contains enzymes that break down molecules

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Plasma (Cell) Membrane

• 1. Barrier of the cell that is semi (or
  selectively) permeable
• a) Regulates in/out of cell
• 2. 3/10,000,000 of an inch thick
• 3. ALL cells have a P.M.

outside
membrane
inside
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• III. Membrane transport
• A. Solution mixture of 2 or more components
• 1. Ex seawater
• B. Solvent present in the largest amount, what
  something is dissolving in.
• 1. Ex water
• C. Solute what dissolves into the solvent
• 1. Ex salt

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• D. Intracellular fluid fluid in the cell w/
  gasses, salts nutrients
• E. Interstitial fluid fluid that bathes the
  outside of the cell.
• 1. Has thousands of ingredients (sugars, amino
  acids, fats, vitamins, hormones, salts, waste
  products)

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• IV. Cell Transport Methods
• A. 2 types of movement across the plasma
  membrane
• 1. Passive requires no energy
• 2. Active requires energy

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• B. Passive transport
• 1. Diffusion substance moves from higher to
  lower concentration to balance
• a. The difference between the 2 concentrations is
  the concentration gradient

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• 2. Osmosis water moves from a higher to lower
  concentration to balance.
• a. Solute substance dissolved in water

• BEAKER example

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• Draw the beaker on a sheet of paper. Top or side
  view.
• Draw a drop of food dye on one side of the beaker
  the overall direction the dye will move will
  diffuse to.
• Draw the overall direction water will move to due
  to osmosis.

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• Osmosis of water moves in the opposite direction
  of diffusion of solute.

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• 3. Facilitated Diffusion substance is helped
  across a membrane.
• a. Substance already trying to get in, uses
  gates in the P.M.

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• 4. Filtration pressure (from heart beating) is
  applied to force water and its dissolved
  materials across a membrane.

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• C. Active Transport
• 1. Require ATP (adenosine triphosphate) energy.
• 2. Active Transport Pumps
• a. Needed b/c the cell is trying to move a
  substance against the concentration gradient.

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• 3. Endocytosis
• a. Intake of food (or water) when the quantity is
  too large to pass through the membrane.
• b. Membrane surrounds and pulls substance in.
• Phagocytosis-
• solid material

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• 4. Exocytosis
• a. Transport of substances outside of the cell.