The Universe

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The Universe
The Universe
http//science.howstuffworks.com/big-bang-theory1.
htm
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How do we know what happened billions of years
ago?

• Scientific theories are usually formed when
  someone makes observations and then forms
  conclusions about what he/she sees.

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Whats happening? (observe)
The kitchen is messy with spilled flour and
sugar, the oven is warm, candles are scattered
around the floor.
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Form a conclusion

• Someone is making a birthday cake

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Detectives are Scientists

• They make observations about
• Evidence at the scene
• Prints left behind
• Motive or reasons
• DNA collected

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and form conclusions.

• They may not have witnessed the crime, but they
  can make an educated guess about what happened.

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Which direction did the blast from Mt. St.
Helens, WA come from?
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Which way does the wind usually blow on Humphrey
Head Island, UK?
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You werent there, but you can make an educated
guess based on your observations.

• Which direction is the bullet moving?

To the right?
To the left?
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Astronomers (people who study space) are
detectives

• They study and observe the universe and then form
  conclusions about out how it probably formed.

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So how did our universe form?

• Using telescopes, spectroscopes, and other
  instruments, scientists have made the following
  observations.

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Observations
Present day
Years ago
What is happening to our universe?
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Galaxies are spreading farther and farther apart
If we work backwards, then 13.7 billion years
ago, all matter use to be all together
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How do we know if stars are moving towards Earth
or away?

• The Doppler effect
• Chime demo
• Sound waves move differently when they come
  towards you or move away from you.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vimoxDcn2Sgo
Doppler effect siren http//www.youtube.com/watch?
va3RfULw7aAYfeaturerelated Doppler effect car
horn
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Light waves from stars also show a difference
when they move.

• Use a spectroscope
• Red shift moving away from you
• Blue shift moving towards you

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vFhfnqboacV0feature
related
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What is the star doing?
Moving away from you.
Moving towards you.
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Astronomers use these observations to conclude
that the whole universe must have been all
together at one point about 13.7 billion years
ago.
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The Big Bang!- A well supported scientific
theory which explains the beginnings of our
universe
Bang!!!
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13.7 billion years ago, all matter (stuff you can
touch) was together in a very small ball, then it
exploded. Parts of atoms floated around the
universe.
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One billion years later, atoms formed and large
clouds of hydrogen (H) and helium (He) were
pulled together due to gravity and galaxies
formed.
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3. H and He crashed into each other creating
light and heat (through nuclear reactions) and
stars formed.
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4. Other heavier elements came together to form
planets and moons
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Stars, planets, and moons continue to form now
throughout the universe.
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So what will happen to our universe?
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5. Most astronomers think the universe will
continue to expand indefinitely.
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Think about the universe being like a
balloon-spots on the balloon get farther and
farther apart as it expands
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OR

• ???

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5. The universe will stop expanding and gravity
will pull it back into a ball and then the big
bang will happen again.
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http//teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id7392
9titleBig_Bang History Channel Big Bang
3min http//www.youtube.com/watch?vOdsWhHWdc1gf
eatureplayer_embedded21 The Big Bang
demonstrated by a college band
How big is the Universe? http//www.youtube.com/w
atch?v5NU2t5zlxQQfeatureplayer_embedded Big
Bang Theme Song http//www.youtube.com/watch?vlhT
SfOZUNLo
Neil deGrasse Tyson's Origins Back To The
Beginning (from 2004) which has the EM spectrum,
Big Bang, cosmic microwave background radiation,
origin of the elements, atomic spectra - a lot of
Big Picture kind of stuff with details of
Chemistry in there.  And is nicely done and has
Neil's flair.  
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We are star stuff-Carl Sagan
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Homework

• Create a five panel strip that shows the five
  steps (1-5 on your notes) of the formation of our
  universe.
• Each panel should be colored in and have a brief
  sentence about what happened.
• You may chose either ending to give to panel five.