The First Phase of the Cold War 1945-1968

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The First Phase of the Cold War1945-1968
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I. The Soviet Union

• Stalin Until 1953
• A return life to the 1930s style, which meant
• The war on fascism ends, the war on
  _____________begins
• Purges of political dissidents
• Eastern Europe
• one party Communist states under the control of
  the Soviet Union
• one exception
• Tito in Yugoslavia

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• After Stalin
• Almost all of his potential successors felt
  reform was necessary
• Soviet Union felt internationally isolated
• Soviet economy was struggling
• Work incentive Issues
• Consumer versus Heavy Industry
• Sputnik and no toilet paper
• U.S. Poverty documentary anecdote
• Khrushchev
• Khrushchev was a fairly strong reformer
• Secret speech / De-Stalinization
• Attempt to ease repression/censorship and ease
  international tensions
• Capitalism and Communism can coexist

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• Problems for Khrushchev
• How do you let the cat halfway out of the bag?
• Fundamental contradiction in liberalizing a
  non-liberal government?
• A host of political art and literature smashed
  Communist totalitarianism
• Doctor Zhivago
• A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
• Problems with the Eastern bloc countries
• Khrushchev crushed Hungary when a reformist gov.
  was placed in power
• Khrushchev eventually fell to hard line
  communists
• In the eyes of these hard-liners, Khrushchev was
  weakening a dam
• Makes sense?
• Also, foreign policy disasters were blamed on
  Khrushchevs weakness
• Ordered the Western Powers to leave West Berlin
  and they didnt
• The Berlin Wall was built (next slide)
• Cuban Missile Crisis (following slide)

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The Berlin Wall

• Why was it set up?
• Soviet/East German explanation
• Real reason
• Brain Drain
• Difficulty of maintaining control of information
  in the East with a free West Berlin
• Proof Peter Fetcher Story
• Why was the wall so famous symbolically?

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The Berlin Wall (1961)
CheckpointCharlie
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Peter Fechter Photo
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The Cuban Missile Crisis

• Khrushchev secretly decided to put nukes in Cuba
• Why was this such a big deal?
• How was it found out?

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Brief Detour Arms Race/Space Race
Sputnik I (1957)
The Russians have beaten America in spacethey
have the technological edge!
Apollo 11 (1969)
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Khruschev Embraces Castro,1961
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Cuban Missile Crisis (cont.)

• Brinkmanship
• JFK surrounded and sealed off Cuba with a naval
  blockade
• Nuclear standoff and the closest the world has
  ever come to WWIII
• Khrushchev blinked
• Missiles were removed
• We removed missiles from Turkey (secretly) and
  promised to respect Castros right to rule Cuba
• Appeared that JFK won

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Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and
the other man blinked!
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Brezhnev

• Long rule (1964-1982)
• Return towards Stalin type inflexible
  authoritarianism
• Eastern European countries had felt the breath of
  fresh air and tried to make a break for it
• Czech movement (Prague Spring- 1968) is crushed

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Pointless Homage to Brezhnevs Eyebrows
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Part II. Western Europe

• Why do I put only Western Europe here?
• Central Theme- Amazing recovery
• Politically
• Put back together by Christian parties in some
  nations, Socialist and Communist leaning parties
  in others
• Why the higher regard for socialists and
  communists?
• Welfare states instituted throughout Europe
• Economically
• Keynesian economics
• Europe as a nation?
• Perhaps the only way Europe can compete with U.S.
  and Soviet Union
• Tight enough economic ties may guarantee peace
• Coal and Steel Community aka the Common
  Market
• Obstacles
• nationalism (France, England)

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• Decolonization
• India and Gandhi
• Nonviolent resistance
• Frances attempts to hold on to colonies
• Algeria
• Vietnam
• Battle of Dien Bien Phu
• Neocolonialism
• Economic rather than political domination
• You do not have the technology to exploit your
  own resources. Allow us to help you.

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Part III. America

• Economic explosion
• Silent generation v the Counterculture

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• the Greatest Generation
• American is greatbeat the Nazis and Japanese.
  Stand against Communism.
• If you are against America, then you are a
  commie!
• Conservative and Leave it to Beaver-ish

• Boomers
• America isnt as squeaky clean as we thought when
  we were growing up.
• U.S. Imperialism
• Vietnam
• Civil Rights Movement
• Slavery and Inequality
• Govt doesnt listen
• Sex, drugs, rock n roll
• Havent lived through Great Depression and WWII,
  so they arent impressed with quiet Leave it to
  Beaver life

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Teeth in the Truman Doctrine

• Korean War

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Hansen Name ____________________AP Euro
Period _________ The First Phase of the
Cold War (1945-1968) (Note-Taking Guide)

• Problems for Khrushchev
• How do you let the cat halfway out of the bag?
• Fundamental contradiction in ____________ a
  __________________ government?
• A host of political art and literature smashed
  Communist totalitarianism
• ___________________________
• A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
• Problems with the Eastern bloc countries
• Khrushchev ____________________ when a reformist
  gov. was placed in power
• Khrushchev eventually fell to ____________________
  ____
• In the eyes of these hard-liners, Khrushchev was
  _________ _________________________
• Makes sense?
• Also, foreign policy disasters were blamed on
  Khrushchevs weakness
• Ordered the Western Powers to leave West Berlin
  _________________________
• ________________was built
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• The Berlin Wall
• Why was it set up? _______________________________
  _____
• Soviet/East German explanation-
  __________________________ _______________________
  ______________________________
• Real reason

• ? I. The Soviet Union
• Stalin _______________________
• A return life to the 1930s style, which meant
• The war on fascism ends, the war on
  _____________begins
• Purges of political dissidents
• Eastern Europe
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____
• one exception
• __________________________
• After Stalin
• Almost all of his potential successors felt
  __________________
• Soviet Union felt __________________________
• Soviet economy was struggling
• ___________________ Issues
• _______________ versus _________ Industry
• ______________and no _______________
• U.S. Poverty documentary anecdote
• Khrushchev
• Khrushchev was a fairly strong reformer

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• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Khrushchev __________________________ in Cuba
• Why was this such a big deal? -
  ____________________ _____________________________
  ___________________
• How was it found out? - __________________________
  ________________________________________________
• Brinkmanship
• JFK ______________________________ with a naval
  blockade
• Nuclear standoff and the closest the world has
  ever _______________________________
• Khrushchev _______________________
• Missiles were removed
• We removed missiles from __________ (__________)
  and promised to respect Castros _______________
  Cuba
• Appeared that JFK won
• Brezhnev
• Long rule (1964-1982)
• Return towards Stalin ____________________________
  ___
• Eastern European countries had felt the breath of
  fresh air and tried to make a break for it
• Czech movement (________________________) was
  crushed
• ? Part II. Western Europe
• Central Theme- Amazing recovery
• Politically

• Decolonization
• India and ________________
• Nonviolent resistance
• Frances attempts to hold on to colonies
• Algeria
• ___________________
• Battle of Dien Bien Phu
• Neocolonialism
• ___________________ rather than political
  domination
• You do not have the technology to exploit your
  own resources. Allow us __________________________
  ____.
• ? Part III America
• Economic explosion
• _______________ generation v the
  __________________