FDR

1
FDRs reign

• Chapter 23 section 1

2
Cant wait until he is President!!!

• FDR was elected by the people in November
• Actual inauguration did not occur until March 4th
• Obviously people did not want Hoover in office

3
Why so long??

• It use take longer to count all the votes
• The President elect needed more time to travel to
  the capital
• Problem??
• Yes!! You had a president in office with weakened
  authority

4
20th Amendment

• Became known as the lame duck amendment
• Changed the inaugural date to January 20th (1933)
  but it did not take effect until the next
  election

5
FDRs first goal

• Restore hope and confidence in America
• 2nd Bonus Army, veterans again marched to
  Washington and set up campsites
• Eleanor came to greet the veterans, shaking their
  hands and listening to their stories

6
His first speech
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Hello my fellow Americans

• FDR was a personable guy
• He addressed the nation on Sunday with a fireside
  chat
• Normally a speech about a pressing national issue
• http//www.presidency.ucsb.edu/mediaclip.php?clipi
  d14540

8
The New Deal

• FDR wanted to experiment
• New Deal became known as the three Rs relief,
  recovery and reform
• Aimed at combating the Depression

9
Busy little beaver

• March thru June of 1933 is known as the first 100
  days
• FDR pushed through record amounts of programs to
  create jobs, provide relief and stimulate the
  economy

10
BankConfidence

• FDR realized that he had to get the confidence of
  the American people back
• He ordered a Bank Holiday
• Started March 5th, he shut down all the banks for
  4 days to inspect their financial health
• Found that conditions were not as bad as one
  thought

11
Chooo, Choooo..

• People started regaining confidence in the
  banking system
• With money in the banks it started stimulate the
  economy
• Glass Steagall Bank Act, encouraged more
  confidence because it set up the FDIC, Federal
  Deposit Insurance Corporation, which insured
  deposits

12
Section 2

• Lets Get IT Started

13
Gimmie, Gimmie Gimmie

• Many people were not so optimistic of the New
  Deal
• At first the program did little for
• Women, actually the NRA allowed lower wages for
  women
• Women housekeepers were not protected
• Racial segregation was still supported in the
  South
• African Americans were not offered professional
  jobs

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Why would African Americans Still Support FDR?

• He was the first president to ever try any type
  of aid
• They were always the last to be hired and the
  first to be fired
• Some were later appointed to policy making
  positions
• Any help was appreciated

15
You Cant make Everyone Happy!

• The wealthy thought that the New Deal did too
  much
• They hate Social Security
• American Liberty League, led by Alfred Smith
• The New Deal was un-American and unconstitutional

• Many wanted a quick fix
• Felt that the New Deal didnt do enough
• Too slow

16
The Demagogues

• People who manipulated with ½ truths, scare
  tactics and deceptive promises
• Examples
• 1. Father Coughlin, used radio to broadcast
  message to millions
• Did not support FDR
• Openly anti Jewish
• Praised Hitler and Mussolini
• Roman Catholic church removed him

17

• Huey Long is another example of a demagogue
• Popular because of politics
• Senator and governor in Louisiana
• Felt we needed more than FDR
• Created Share the Wealth
• Limit income to 1 million and take the rest in
  taxes and redistribute
• Every family would have a 5,000 house and 2,500
  salary
• He was shot and killed

18
Hindsight is always clearer

• Modern day critics look back and say FDR helped
  the Depression
• Spent more money than we had
• Created deficit spending, paying out more money
  from the annual federal budget than the
  government receives

19
Not a Greaaaat idea

• FDR wanted people that would support his ideas
• Decided to add an additional 6 to the already 9
  Supreme Court Justices
• Constitution never stated how many justices there
  should be
• Many people felt it was unfair and
  unconstitutional
• He was forced to withdraw his idea

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Section 3

• It is NOT a Miracle!!!

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Help Me Now!!!!

• The New Deal was not a miracle cure
• Massive government spending only lead to
  temporary relief
• Like a band aid on a missing leg
• The nation will fall into a recession again

22
Lets unionize!!!

• Union membership will increase
• It gave federal protection under the Wagner Plan
• The is power in numbers
• CIO, Committee for Industrial Organization which
  tried to organize industries and fight for better
  conditions

23
Come together, right now!

• Coalition is an alliance of groups with similar
  goals
• The most popular tool used by unions were strikes
• Sit down strikes were effective because people
  refused to leave work and it stopped the factory
  and prevented scabs, people willing to work for
  less

24
Strikes turn to violence

• Most successful strikes were in the auto industry
  specifically GM, wives joined, heat was turned
  off etc.
• In the steel industry in Chicago the police were
  called and people were injured and forcefully
  removed

25
Entertainment.

• Even poor people needed to have fun
• Artists were getting federal aid from FDR
• People were reading the Grapes of Wrath by John
  Steinbeck
• Radio was the most popular means
• 1st Daytime Drama came out
• Box office hit was the Wizard of Oz
• Mickey Mouse and Snow White were HOT

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Section 4

• The Alphabet Soup

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ABC Delicious..

• FERA, Federal emergency Relief Administration
  sent funds to agencies and put money in PUBLIC
  WORKS PROGRAMS, which helped build public
  facilities
• 1. CWA, Civil Works Administration put unemployed
  men to work building/improving roads, parks and
  airports (Morale booster for 4 million)

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• 2. CCC, Civilian Conservation Corps
• This was FDRs favorite program
• 2.5 million young men went to work
• Maintained forests, beaches and parks
• Earned 30 a month
• Free food, lodging and medical

29
Here comes the regulator

• NIRA, National Industrial Recovery Act spelled
  out fair business practices, regulated wages and
  set minimum wage
• PWA built bridges, roads etc.

30
Help Homeowners

• HOLC, Home Owners Loan Corp
• Refinanced mortgages and improved housing
  standards
• Farmers anyone? AAA tried to raise farm prices
  and paid farmer to make less
• Food was destroyed, not a success

31
MORE ABCs

• TVA helped create jobs to least developed regions
  of the US
• Reactivated hydroelectric power which provided
  cheap energy and flood control

32
The Brain Trust

• FDRs appointments were known as his brain trust
• They were a group of people not in his cabinet
  that gave him advice
• Ground breaking appointments he hired the first
  women to a cabinet as Secretary of Labor, Francis
  Perkins
• Also hired African Americans to policy making
  positions

33
Setbacks to the Deal

• People wanted dramatic changes fast
• Many worried that the national government was
  getting too powerful
• The Supreme Court struck down some of FDRs
  programs because they were unconstitutional

34
FDR 2nd New Deal

• In his second term
• High taxes on the rich
• Social welfare programs
• Business controls
• For the ordinary citizen

35
The Wagner Act

• Legalized unions and their practices
• Closed shops were allowed that only allowed union
  members

36
Infamous Social Security

• Provided financial payment monthly to people who
  could not support themselves
• 1. old age pension and survivors benefits
• Age 65 collect
• Workers and employers put money in fund

37

• 2. unemployment insurances, employers with more
  than 8 employees pay taxes
• The government distributes money to those that
  dont have a job
• 3. aid for dependent children, the blind and the
  disabled

38
The election

• 1936, no one expected Alfred Landon to win but no
  one expected FDR to win by a landslide
• FDR won 523 to 8 in the electoral college
• Missed Maine and Vermont