CARBOHYDRATES

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CARBOHYDRATES
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Characteristics of Carbohydrates

• Consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• Energy containing molecules
• Some provide structure
• Basic building block is a monosaccharide (CH2O)n
  n 3,5,6
• Two monosaccharides form a disaccharide

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Different Forms of Glucose
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Three Monosaccharides
C6H12O6
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Dehydration Synthesis of a Disaccharide
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Formation of Disaccharides
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Hydrolysis of a Disaccharide
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Important Polysaccharides Starch

• Consists of glucose subunits
• Plant energy storage molecule
• Glycogen is a very similar molecule in animals.
• Starch and glycogen can be digested by animals.

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Important Polysaccharides Cellulose

• Composed of glucose subunits
• Different bond formed than starch
• Structural component in plants
• Cannot be digested by animals

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Important Polysaccharides Chitin

• Glucose subunits
• Partly derived from non-sugars (nitrogen)
• Composes exoskeletons of insects
• Note similarity to cellulose.

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