The Periodic Table

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The Periodic Table

• Dimitri Mendeleev was the Russian scientist who
  developed the original Periodic Table
• The Periodic Table is an arrangement of all
  elements in order of atomic number.

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Groups (family)

• A column in the periodic table
• Elements have similar properties
• Elements in the same group have the same number
  of valence electrons (Outer Ring Electrons)

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Periods

• A row on the periodic table
• Elements in the same period have the same number
  of electron rings

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Properties of Elements

• An elements physical and chemical properties can
  be predicted by its location on the periodic
  table.

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Hydrogen

• Composed of a single proton and a single
  electron, hydrogen is the simplest and most
  abundant element in the universe
• It is estimated that 90 of the visible universe
  is composed of hydrogen.
• Hydrogen is the raw fuel that most stars 'burn'
  to produce energy.

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Metals

• Located on the left side of the zig-zag line
• Lose electrons easily during chemical reactions
• Solid at room temp. (except for mercury Hg)
• Shiny (sometimes)
• Good conductors of heat electricity
• Magnetic
• Malleable Can be hammered into sheets
• Ductile Can be pulled into wire

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Alkali Metals

• Group 1 on periodic table
• Lustrous, silvery solids
• Soft enough to be cut with a knife
• Highly reactive (not found as free metal in
  nature)
• Get more reactive as you move down the group
  (click on link for video)
• Sodium and Potassium are essential to life for
  animals and plants

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Alkaline earth metals

• Group 2 metals
• Denser, harder and have higher melting and
  boiling points than group 1 metals
• Less reactive than group 1, but still highly
  reactive (not found in nature as free metals)
• Calcium needed by living things

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Transition Metals
Lanthanide Series (transition metals)
Actinide Series (transition metals)
http//www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_transmetal.htm
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Transition Metals

• Most of the metals are transition metals
• Include most of the common metals like iron,
  nickel, silver, zinc, gold, copper, etc.
• Hard and shiny
• Good conductors of electricity and heat
• Stable react slowly or not at all with air and
  water
• Some transition metals used by living things

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Metalloids
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MetalloidsBoron, Germanium Silicon

• Have some properties of metals and nonmetals
• Touch the zig-zag line of the periodic table

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Non-Metals
O
N
C
S
P
Se
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Nonmetals

• Located on the right side of the zig-zag line
• Usually gain or share electrons during chemical
  reactions
• Includes gases
• Dull, Brittle if solid
• Not malleable or ductile
• Not good conductors

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Carbon, Nitrogen Oxygen

• Nitrogen about 78 of Earths atmosphere
• Oxygen
• nearly 21 of the earth's atmosphere
• highly reactive element and is capable of
  combining with most other elements
• required by most living organisms
• required for most forms of combustion
• Carbon - Many carbon compounds are essential for
  life as we know it
• (entire branch of chemistry organic chemistry -
  devoted to carbon compounds)

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more non-metals
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Halogen Family

• Halogen means salt-forming
• Very reactive like to bond with group 1
  elements
• For example Sodium bonds with chlorine to
  formNaCl

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Also non-metals
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Noble Gases

• Very stable and non-reactive (inert)
• Do not usually form compounds with other elements
• Have a full valence shell this is why they DO
  NOT form compounds