Properties of Non-metals

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Properties of Non-metals
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Your Body

• Most of your bodys mass is made of oxygen,
  carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
• Calcium, a metal, and other elements make up the
  remaining 4 of your bodys mass.
• Many of the elements found in your body are
  classified as non-metals. Non-metals are
  elements that usually are gases or brittle solids
  at room temperature.

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Non-metal Properties

• Because solid non-metals are brittle or powdery,
  they are not malleable or ductile. (What does
  that mean?) (what are those characteristics of?)
• Most non-metals do not conduct heat or
  electricity well, and generally they are not
  shiny. (they are dull)

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The one exception

• In the periodic table, all non-metals except
  hydrogen are found at the right of the stair-step
  line.

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Bonding in Non-metals

• The electrons in most non-metals are strongly
  attracted to the nucleus of the atom. (not to be
  confused with the looseness of metals) So, as
  a group, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat
  and electricity.
• Most nonmetals can form Ionic and covalent
  compounds.

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Examples

• Pb S (How many valence
  electrons for each?)
• S Pb S - Ionic bond
• Metal and nonmental

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Example

• CO2
• Draw the dot diagram
• O C O
• O C O - Covalent bond
• nonmetal and nonmetal

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Covalent Bonding

• When nonmetals bond they usually share
  (everything I learned in kindergarten) electrons
  to form compounds.
• This is covalent bonding. - Sharing

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Hydrogen

• 90 of the Universe is made of Hydrogen
• Most hydrogen on Earth is found in the compound
  water.
• Hydrogen means water forming
• When water is broken down into its elements,
  hydrogen becomes a gas made up of a diatomic
  molecule.

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Diatomic Molecule

• Diatomic Molecule consists of 2 atoms of the same
  element in a covalent bond.
• H2 O2 N2 F2

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The Halogens

• Group 17
• They are very reactive in their elemental form,
  and their compounds have many uses.
• Fluoride is added to toothpaste to prevent tooth
  decay.
• Chorine is added to water to disinfect it.
• Halogens have 7 valence electrons in their outer
  shell, thus only needing one electron to complete
  it.

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Very Important

• If a halogen gains an electron from a metal in
  group 1, then an ionic compound is formed.
• Its called a salt.
• Example NaCl table salt

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Color of Halogens

• In their gaseous state, halogens can be
  identified by their color.
• Chlorine greenish yellow
• Bromine reddish orange
• Iodine Violet

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Uses of Halogens

• Chlorine is used in pools to disinfect it.
• Bromine is used as a red dye.
• Iodine is essential to our diets for the
  production of the hormone Thyroxin.

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Sublimation

• Sublimation is the process of a solid changing
  directly to a vapor without forming a liquid.
• Ex. Dry Ice Frozen CO2

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The Noble Gases

• The noble gases exist as isolated atoms. They
  are stable because their outermost energy levels
  are full.
• The stability of noble gases is what makes them
  useful.