3.3 ALLOYS AND NON-FERROUS METALS

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3.3 ALLOYS AND NON-FERROUS METALS

• 3.3.1 Alloys
• 3.3.2 General properties
• 3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
• 3.3.4 Electroplating

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Schematic of atoms in two different metals
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When metal are mixed to form alloys there are 3
possibilities

• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
  exactly into the structure of the other without
  disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
  structures together but crystals of each will
  mix. (e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
  lead, they will not mix

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Completely Soluble
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When metal are mixed to form alloys there are 3
possibilities

• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
  exactly into the structure of the other without
  disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
  structures together but crystals of each will
  mix. (e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
  lead, they will not mix

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Partially soluble
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When metal are mixed to form alloys there are 3
possibilities

• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
  exactly into the structure of the other without
  disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
  structures together but crystals of each will
  mix. (e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
  lead, they will not mix

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Insoluble
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3.3 ALLOYS AND NON-FERROUS METALS

• 3.3.1 Alloys
• 3.3.2 General properties
• 3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
• 3.3.4 Electroplating

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Thermal Properties
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Mechanical Properties
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Effect of cold working of typical metal
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3.3 ALLOYS AND NON-FERROUS METALS

• 3.3.1 Alloys
• 3.3.2 General properties
• 3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
• 3.3.4 Electroplating

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Copper-zinc-tin alloys
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Range of non-ferrous alloys
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Some of the main non-ferrous alloys used in
construction

• Copper
• Zinc
• Aluminium
• Lead

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The 3 grades of copper are

• Deoxidised copper, used for copper tube, suitable
  for welding.
• Fire refined tough pitch copper, had higher
  strength, thermal and electrical conductivity and
  resistance to corrosion. Used for roof coverings.
  These turn a pleasant green as surface corrosion
  occurs. This corrosion product may stain adjacent
  materials.
• Electrolytic tough pitch high conductivity
  copper. Contains fewer impurities, has higher
  electrical conductivity, used for electrical
  conductors.

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Lead and Copper Roofing
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Some of the main non-ferrous alloys used in
construction

• Copper
• Zinc
• Aluminium
• Lead

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Galvanised (zinc plated) steel in fence and
structure
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Some of the main non-ferrous alloys used in
construction

• Copper
• Zinc
• Aluminium
• Lead

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Lead roof (note welded repair)
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Note staining on bricks from lead roof
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3.3 ALLOYS AND NON-FERROUS METALS

• 3.3.1 Alloys
• 3.3.2 General properties
• 3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
• 3.3.4 Electroplating

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Electroplating