Urbanization

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Urbanization
Introduction to Global StudiesXIDS 2301
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Map 18 Urbanization
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An increasing number of people in cities
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An increasing rate of urbanization
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Urbanization rate
Growth in urbanization rate
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Megacities in 2003
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Distribution of urban population by city size
The share of the worlds, MDCs, and LDCs urban
populations concentrated in megacities is
increasing, but . . .
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Overurbanization
What? Why?
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Squatting
Southeast Asia
South America
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Informal Economy
South America
Africa
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UrbanizationLocal and Global Forces
Push or Pull?
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Cities will account for virtually all future
world population growth Ninety five percent of
this will occur in the urban areas of developing
countries Dhaka, Kinshasa, Lagos ? 40 times
larger than they were in 1950 (compare to London,
7 times larger in 1910 than 1800 Huge
citiesMexico city expected to grow to 50
million, almost 40 percent of the National
total Three-quarters of burden of future world
pop growth will be borne by smaller cities there
is little or no planning to accommodate these
people or provide them with Services Why the
rapid growth? Manufacturing growth. But most of
developing world lacks this Urbanization is
decoupled from industrialization and
development and rising Agricultural
productivity Urbanization without
industrialization Why? Economic
liberalizationdeclining safety nets, farmers
competing in global commodity Mkts, more
vulnerable to exogeneous shocks drought,
inflation, falling prices, etc. Plus unstable
wars, combining with economic dislocations, were
ravaging countrysides Global forces are pushing
people from the countrysidemechanization of ag,
importers, civil war and drought, Comptition
with industrial-scale agribusiness the pull is
weakened by stagnant growth Population growth
without investment in infrastructure, educational
facilities, public health systems
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Slum growthurbanization and slum growth are
synonymous Since 1970, slum growth has outpaced
urbanization Mexico City 60 percent of citys
growth was slum growth Sao Pauloslums were 1.2
percent in 1973, 20 percent in 1993 In Amazon, 80
percent of city growth is in slums In South Asia
90 percent of urban growth was slum growth Of
500k who migrate to Delhi each year, 400k end up
in slums by 2015 will have slum pop of 10
million In Africa, fastest slum growth on earth.
Growing twice as fast as overall city growth In
Kenya, 85 percent of city growth was slum
growth Cities of the future quote on page 19 The
state does nothing here quote on page
62 Squatting and informal economy Strategy has
shifted from eliminating slums and/or poverty to
improving them they are now the solution and not
the problemself-help, incremental construction
and legalization
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http//ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/dharavi-
mumbai-slum/dharavi-video-interactive