What is a monoclonal antibody?

1
What is a monoclonal antibody?
2
What is a monoclonal antibody?

• An antibody that recognizes a single epitope
• It is made by fusing B cells with myeloma cells
  to produce a hybridoma
• Hybridomas are cells that produce monoclonal Ab

B cells
Myeloma
Hybridoma
Producing monoclonal Ab
3
Which vaccines are composed of attenuated
organisms?

• MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
• Chickenpox
• Smallpox (not for general public)
• Intranasal influenza

4
Which vaccines are toxoids?
5
Which vaccines are toxoids?

• Tetanus
• Diphtheria

6
Which subunit vaccine is acellular?
7
Which subunit vaccine is acellular?

• Pertussis

8
Which vaccines are genetically engineered?
9
Which vaccines are genetically engineered?

• Hepatitis B
• HPV (human papilloma virus)
• Rotavirus

10
Which vaccines are composed of attenuated
organisms?
11
What type of diagnostic tests use precipitation
reactions?
12
What type of diagnostic tests use precipitation
reactions?

• Precipitin Ring Tests
• Immunodiffusion
• Immunoelectrophoresis
• Precipitation reactions always involve soluble
  antibody and soluble antigen

13
Give examples of diagnostic agglutination
reactions.
14
Give examples of diagnostic agglutination
reactions.

• RPR an indirect agglutination testing for
  antibody (used to diagnose syphilis)
• Rapid strep test an indirect agglutination
  testing for antigen (Streptococcus pyogenes)

15
What is an indirectic immunofluorescent assay?
How is it performed?
16
What is an indirect immunofluorescent assay? How
is it performed?

• Test for presence of antibody
• A known antigen is put on a slide, the patients
  sera is added, and than an anti-human antibody is
  added that has a fluorescent dye conjugated to it

17
Describe how to perform a direct ELISA
18
Describe how to perform a direct ELISA

• A monoclonal Ab is attached to a plastic dish
• A sample from the patient is added where you
  expect to find the Antigen
• A monoclonal Ab that is conjugated to an enzyme
  is added
• The substrate for the enzyme is then added
• A positive test would be the detection of a
  colored product

19
Describe how to perform a direct ELISA
20
What does a positive complement test look like?
What does it mean?
21
What does a positive complement test look like?
What does it mean?

• No hemolysis
• Means the patient does have the Antibody you were
  trying to detect

22
Give an example of a neutralization assay
23
Give an example of a diagnostic neutralization
assay.

• Viral Hemagglutination Inhibition test

24
How does a direct ELISA differ from an indirect
ELISA
25
How does a direct ELISA differ from an indirect
ELISA

• Direct is used to detect antigen
• Indirect is used to detect Antibody
• The same is true for direct and indirect
  immunofluorescence assays